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排序方式: 共有127条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
51.
Mahmoud A. Saleh Alaa Kamel Awad A. Ragab Gamal El‐Baroty Abdel Moneim M. Afify Joseph Jones 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(3-4):429-444
Two hundred ninety‐two mother's milk samples were collected during 1994 from ten Egyptian governorates representing rural, metropolitan, and newly reclaimed desert areas. The samples were analyzed for 14 organochlorine insecticides and metabolites using electron capture gas chromatography and confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The overall samples average showed that the most abundant organochlorine insecticide residues were p,p'‐DDE, α‐endosulfan, β‐HCH and, p,p’‐DDT. Residues in the range of not detectable to less than 14μg/l whole milk were recorded for α‐HCH, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin endrin aldehyde and p,p'‐DDD. The percentage of samples exceeding the acceptable daily intake for children (ADIs) set by the FAO/WHO ranged from 19% to 44% in all governorates included in the study except the governorate of Minia in which only 2.6% of the samples exceeded the ADI values. The insecticides exceeding ADI values are mostly heptachlor and heptaclor epoxide (ADI = 3.12 μg/1 whole milk). 相似文献
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54.
Vandana Tripathy Rajbir Yadav Suneeta Devi Amol Tayade Khushbu Sharma 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2019,54(5):394-406
Extraction and quantification of pesticide residue from the milk matrix at or below the established maximum residue limit (MRL) is a challenging task for both analytical chemists and the regulatory institutions to take corrective actions for the human health and safety. The main aim of the study is to develop a simple rapid and less expensive QuEChERS extraction and cleanup method for simultaneous analysis of 41 multiclass pesticide residue in milk by gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD), followed by confirmation of the residues with gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Effect of sorbent type, temperature, spiking concentration, matrix effect (ME), measurement uncertainty (MU), inter- and intra-assay repeatability, reproducibility of recovery, and trueness of the results were investigated to validate the effectiveness of the method. Limit of determination (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) for all the analytes ranged within 0.001–0.02 and 0.002–0.05 µg mL?1, respectively. The % recovery of all the pesticides ranged between 91.38 and 117.56% with relative standard deviation (RSD) below 2.79%. The MU for all the analytes was ≤29% of respective LOQs, and except for few pesticides, the ME was largely negative. The method fulfilled all the SANTE guidelines and thus can be extended for routine analysis of multiclass pesticide residue in milk. 相似文献
55.
Muhammad I. Chughtai Uzma Maqbool Mazhar Iqbal Muhammad S. Shah Terence Fodey 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(12):871-879
This study was undertaken to develop and validate direct competitive ELISA for the determination of chloramphenicol residues in bovine milk. Antisera and an enzyme-tracer for chloramphenicol were prepared and used to develop an ELISA with inhibition concentrations, IC20 and IC50, of 0.09 and 0.44 ng mL?1, respectively. Milk samples were spiked with standards equivalent to 0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0 &; 1.5 ng mL?1 and extracted in methanol. The mean recoveries were found to be 73–100% with coefficient of variance 7–11%. The decision limit (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ) were calculated as 0.10 and 0.12 ng mL?1, respectively. The results were found comparable with the commercial ELISA, having recoveries of 87 to 100%, CCα 0.09 ng mL?1 and CCβ 0.12 ng mL?1. As per Commission Decision 2002/657/EC, in-house ELISA was further validated by using LC-MS/MS. Mass spectral acquisition was done by using electrospray ionization in the negative ion mode applying single reaction monitoring of the diagnostic transition reaction for CAP (m/z 152, 194 and 257). The calibration curve showed good linearity in concentrations from 0.025 to 1.6 ng mL?1 with correction coefficient 0.9902. The mean recoveries were found to be 88 to 100%. The CCα was calculated as 0.057 ng mL?1 and CCβ 0.10 ng mL?1. Since CCα and CCβ are less than half of the MRPL (0.15 ng mL?1), the test was found suitable for screening and quantification of CAP residues in bovine milk samples. Results of surveillance studies indicated that out of 31 analyzed milk samples, 12.9% samples were found with CAP residues but only 3.2% samples were declared positive with maximum concentration 0.31 ng mL?1, slightly above the MRPL. 相似文献
56.
Jelena R. Radonić Sunčica D. Kocić Tanackov Ivana J. Mihajlović Zorica S. Grujić Mirjana B. Vojinović Miloradov Marija M. Škrinjar 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(1):59-63
The objectives of the study were to determine the aflatoxin M1 content in human milk samples in Vojvodina, Serbia, and to assess the risk of infants' exposure to aflatoxins food contamination. The growth of Aspergillus flavus and production of aflatoxin B1 in corn samples resulted in higher concentrations of AFM1 in milk and dairy products in 2013, indicating higher concentrations of AFM1 in human milk samples in 2013 and 2014 in Serbia. A total number of 60 samples of human milk (colostrum and breast milk collected 4–8 months after delivery) were analyzed for the presence of AFM1 using the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay method. The estimated daily intake of AFM1 through breastfeeding was calculated for the colostrum samples using an average intake of 60 mL/kg body weight (b.w.)/day on the third day of lactation. All breast milk collected 4–8 months after delivery and 36.4% of colostrum samples were contaminated with AFM1. The greatest percentage of contaminated colostrum (85%) and all samples of breast milk collected 4–8 months after delivery had AFM1 concentration above maximum allowable concentration according to the Regulation on health safety of dietetic products. The mean daily intake of AFM1 in colostrum was 2.65 ng/kg bw/day. Results of our study indicate the high risk of infants' exposure, who are at the early stage of development and vulnerable to toxic contaminants. 相似文献
57.
Tato L Tremolada P Ballabio C Guazzoni N Parolini M Caccianiga M Binelli A 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2656-2664
The seasonal and spatial variability of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in vegetation and cow milk was studied in a high altitude pasture in the Alps (1900 m a.s.l.). PCB contamination in vegetation shows a concentration peak in June, which is mainly interpreted as the consequence of a temporary PCB enrichment of the air layer above the ground due to net emission fluxes from the soil. A three compartment dynamic model was developed to test this hypothesis. The North/South enrichment factor in the vegetation was 1.5-1.6 for penta- and hexa-substituted congeners and 1.7 for hepta- and octa-PCBs, according to the effect of temperature on compounds having higher Koa values. Milk concentrations followed the vegetation seasonal trend. The congener abundance in milk is in agreement with the biotransformation susceptibility, absorption efficiency and residence time of the different congeners in dairy cows. 相似文献
58.
Distribution of perfluorochemicals between sera and milk from the same mothers and implications for prenatal and postnatal exposures 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kim SK Lee KT Kang CS Tao L Kannan K Kim KR Kim CK Lee JS Park PS Yoo YW Ha JY Shin YS Lee JH 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(1):169-174
The levels of six perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs), four perfloroalkylsulfonates (PFASs), and one sulfonamide were measured in paired samples of maternal serum, umbilical cord serum, and breast milk. The maternal and cord sera were strongly correlated with each other for all measured compounds (r > 0.5 and p < 0.01). Nevertheless, there was a significant difference in compound composition profile between the two sera matrices, with a more depletion of the longer chain compounds in cord serum. The transfer efficiency values from maternal to cord serum (TFCS/MS) decreased by 70% with each increasing unit of -CF2 chain within a PFCA group, and for perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), by a half compared to perfluorooctanoate (PFOA). In contrast to the strong correlation in concentrations between the two sera matrices, the pattern of compounds in breast milk differed considerably with those in sera. Accordingly, compound- and matrix-specific transfer must be considered when assessing prenatal and postnatal exposure. 相似文献
59.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the serum and breast milk of the resident population from production area, China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Jun Jin Ying Wang Congqiao Yang Jicheng Hu Weizhi Liu Jian Cui Xiaoyan Tang 《Environment international》2009,35(7):1048-1052
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been produced in the south coast area of Laizhou Bay, Shandong Province in China, but little is known about the PBDE exposure level of residents to these compounds. We set out to assess potential health risks of PBDEs in the south coast area of the Laizhou Bay by determining the concentrations of PBDEs in serum and breast milk. We measured concentrations of eight PBDE congeners in serum and breast milk. The arithmetic means of Σ8PBDE in pooled serum and breast milk were 613 ng/g lipid and 81.5 ng/g lipid, respectively. The highest concentration for Σ8PBDE in all serum pools was 1830 ng/g lipid from the 41–50 year old female group. BDE-209 was the predominant congener, with the mean concentrations of 403 ng/g lipid in serum and 45.6 ng/g lipid in breast milk, respectively. BDE-209 averagely accounted for 65.8% and 54.2% of the total PBDEs, respectively. Our results suggest that high exposures to PBDEs have led to very high PBDE concentrations in serum and breast milk from the residents living in the south coast area of Laizhou Bay. High PBDE concentrations in human serum, particularly in women, pose a potential public health threat to local residents. 相似文献
60.
Devanathan G Subramanian A Someya M Sudaryanto A Isobe T Takahashi S Chakraborty P Tanabe S 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(1):148-154
The present study was carried out to understand the current contamination status of organochlorine compounds (OCs) in human breast milk from three metropolitan cities in India (New Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata). Among the OCs analyzed, DDTs were predominant followed by HCHs and PCBs. CHLs and HCB levels were much lower. Contamination patterns were different in human milk found in our previous study in Chennai, a metropolitan city in southern India, indicating region specific exposure routes and variable sources. In comparison with previous data, levels of DDTs and HCHs generally declined with time, implying the effect of various bans and restrictions on their usage. No association between concentrations of OCs and demographic characteristics such as parity and age of mothers was observed which might be due to narrow range of mother's age. Estimated daily intake shows that some infants are exposed to OCs to a greater extent, particularly HCHs than the guideline standard. 相似文献