二氧化氯发生技术的试验研究

本文进行了二氧化氯发生技术的实验研究,给出了适宜的反应条件,即ＮａＣｌＯ３浓度为２５．９％,还原剂Ａ浓度为２．６５％,曝气量０．８Ｌ空气．ｍｉｎ＾－１,反应温度６０℃,反应时间３０ｍｉｎ时,ＣｌＯ２的收率为８２．１％,纯度大于９５．０％。     

UBF反应池爆炸后混凝土结构安全检测及加固处理研究

检测和评估了UBF反应池爆炸后结构的现状,包括了外观情况检测、混凝土强度测试以及池壁混凝土内部缺陷检测。在保证结构安全的前提下,提出经济合理的加固处理方案。     

突发事件的不同演化模式研究

突发事件的发生常常伴随着次生事件,形成连锁反应,造成重大的人员伤亡和经济损失。从系统的角度出发,研究了各类突发事件之间的不同关联,分析了突发事件演化的不同模式,提出了突发事件点、链、网、超网间的4层演化模式框架,并针对突发事件的不同演化模式进行了分析;最后通过实例说明了突发事件的4种演化模式。研究结论对于预防灾害的扩大,以及灾害的宏观预警具有一定的意义。     

臭氧氧化水中有机污染物作用规律及动力学研究方法

本文对臭氧氧化水中有机污染物的作用规律及氧化动力学研究方法进行了综述。臭氧是一种强氧化剂,它能通过臭氧直接反应或产生羟基自由基进行间接反应以及两者的结合对有机和无机化合物进行氧化。臭氧有选择性地氧化有机污染物,主要与双键、活性芳香系统和未被质子化的胺类发生反应,而羟基自由基则可以和水中绝大多数化合物无选择性地快速反应,臭氧动力学的研究也涉及到臭氧和羟基自由基的问题,其反应速率常数的测定多采用溶质消耗法和竞争动力学法。     

海波体系中还原铁粉置换还原银的两相反应动力学研究

针对海波定影液体系中还原铁粉置换还原银,并生成致密产物层的液、固两相反应,建立了更一般情形的动力学方程,并给出其精确解。方程中Piling因子非限定,且定影液银浓度和还原铁粉几何面积随时间变化。应用此动力学方程处理液、固两相反应,比以往研究中的动力学方程更加准确、合理。该方程在原则上也适用于气、固两相反应。     

铁炭复配修复地下水中NO3^--N的条件研究

采用了铁炭复配修复地下水中NO3^--N,探讨了实验条件对修复效果的影响。结果表明,在pH值近中性条件（初始pH 6.42）下,反应时间为1 h时NO3^--N修复率达到60.85%;Fe/C=1∶1时介质最佳用量分别为45 g;Fe/C=1/1.5时修复率为72.80%;反应速率在高振荡强度下大于低振荡强度;氧化铜的催化效果最好,可使修复率提高7.5个百分点。铁炭复配介质修复地下水中NO3^--N是有效可行的,修复率随反应时间的增加而提高,在Fe/C=1∶1时修复率与介质用量呈正相关,无限减小Fe/C比并不能无限提高修复率,振荡强度对修复具有显著影响,低振荡强度下的修复过程较高强度存在滞后现象,并非所有金属氧化物催化剂对铁炭修复NO3--N均有促进作用。     

微生物酶促高效提制废次烟草中烟碱的研究

采用酶促反应利用微生物发酵处理废次烟叶提取烟碱,对比发酵及微波协助等不同方式,利用分光光度法测定发酵体系中烟碱溶出含量,优选出发酵菌种,并探讨接种量和培养基质及不同工艺参数等对烟碱含量的影响。实验结果表明:选用白腐真菌和管囊酵母(1∶1)在微波协助处理下,当烟叶与水的重量比为3∶20,豆粕与烟叶重量百分比为15%,接种量40%,pH=6,30℃发酵48 h,能得到烟草中烟碱溶出浓度为3.291 g/L,为有效实现废次烟草减量化排放与资源化利用结合奠定基础。     

Removal of phenol by activated alumina bed in pulsed high-voltage electric field

A new process for removing the pollutants in aqueous solution-activated alumina bed in pulsed high-voltage electric field was investigated for the removal of phenol under different conditions. The experimental results indicated the increase in removal rate with increasing applied voltage, increasing pH value of the solution, aeration, and adding Fe^2＋. The removal rate of phenol could reach 72.1% when air aeration flow rate was 1200 ml/min, and 88.2% when 0.05 mmol/L Fe^2＋ was added into the solution under the conditions of applied voltage 25 kV, initial phenol concentration of 5 mg/L, and initial pH value 5.5. The addition of sodium carbonate reduced the phenol removal rate. In the pulsed high-voltage electric field, local discharge occurred at the surface of activated alumina, which promoted phenol degradation in the thin water film. At the same time, the space-time distribution of gas-liquid phases was more uniform and the contact areas of the activated species generated from the discharge and the pollutant molecules were much wider due to the effect of the activated alumina bed. The synthetical effects of the pulsed high-voltage electric field and the activated alumina particles accelerated phenol degradation.     

Process conditions of preparing methanol from cornstalk gas

The low-heat-value cornstalk gas produced in the down-flow fixed bed gasifier was tentatively used for methanol synthesis. The cornstalk gas was purified and the technical procedures such as deoxygenation, desulfurization, catalytic cracking of tar, purification and hydrogenation were studied. The catalytic experiments of methanol synthesis with cornstalk syngas were carried out in a tubular-flow integral and isothermal reactor. The effect of reaction temperature, pressure, catalysttypes, catalyst particle size, syngas flow at entering end and composition of syngas was investigated. The optimum process conditions and yield of methanol from cornstalk syngas were obtained. The experimental results indicated that the proper catalyst of the synthetic reaction was C301 and the optimum catalyst size (φ) was 0.833 mm×0.351 mm. The optimum operating temperature and pressure were found to be 235℃ and 5 Mpa, respectively. The suitable syngas flow 0.9-1.10 mol/h at entering end was selected and the best composition of syngas were CO 10.49%, CO2 8.8%, N2 37.32%, CnHm 0.95% and H2 40.49%. The best methanol yield is 0.418 g/g cornstalk. The study provided the technical support for the industrial test of methanol production from biomass (cornstalk)gas.     

生物膜与A/O工艺耦合快速降解氨氮

应用由城市污水处理厂序批式间歇反应器(SBR)中筛选得到的4株特殊氨氧化菌,分别在SBR和有回流的生物膜与A/O工艺耦合体系培养中,考察其降解低碳高氨氮废水的功能.结果表明,自养硝化与异养氨氧化菌的混合菌群较单一自养硝化菌株降解氨氮速率快;在生物膜与A/O工艺耦合系统中,自养硝化与异养氨氧化菌协同代谢加速氨氮氧化脱除,氨氮脱除速率远比SBR系统快.对生物膜与A/O工艺耦合系统中氨氮脱除动力学进行了研究,模拟了NH4 、NO2-质量浓度与氨氮脱除比速率之间的关系,模型得到了较好的验证.