Miscanthus × Giganteus straw and pellets as sustainable fuels

In this paper we present, for the first time, data on the combustion of Miscanthus × Giganteus straw and pellets. We found that the heating value of Miscanthus is 17.744 MJ/kg. The gaseous emission indices of SO₂, NO _x and total organic carbon (TOC) in the exhaust are reported and compared with the European standards for biomass boilers. On the basis of our results, it is possible to evaluate a net energy yield between 152 and 326 MJ/hectare/year for the cultivation of Miscanthus with an energy balance estimated to be in the range of 7.7–15.4. According to the presented results, it seems reasonable to consider Miscanthus as a promising candidate as alternative fuel.     

The degradation of dyestuffs: Part I Primary biodegradation under anaerobic conditions

The paper describes a method for measuring the primary biodegradability of water soluble dyestuffs under anaerobic conditions and gives the results obtained on 22 dyes of commercial significance.     

化学解偶联剂和OSA联合工艺对剩余污泥的减量化作用

比较研究了添加化学解偶联剂3,3′,4′,5-四氯水杨酰苯胺(TCS)的活性污泥工艺、好氧-沉淀-缺氧(OSA)工艺、添加TCS的OSA联合工艺所引起的解偶联代谢对剩余污泥的减量化效果。结果表明,3种工艺的剩余污泥量分别比对照工艺下降33.99%、25.94%和46.90%。和对照相比,COD去除率没有明显影响,总氮去除率下降。TCS影响了污泥的沉降性能,但OSA可使污泥的SVI值下降。污泥中的微生物种群结构在180 d运行后发生了变化。以上结果表明,添加TCS的OSA联合工艺将是一条适宜的污泥减量化技术途径。     

甲型流感病毒H5N1的siRNA设计

选用了甲型流感病毒10个毒株(全序列)和一个2004年越南毒株(部分序列)，采用自己编写的计算机程序sRNAFinder，对每个毒株的6个RNA片段的6个编码序列进行了siRNA设计．结合系统发育重建方法，利用sR-NAFinder的共有序列分析功能，对得到的6101个siRNA分子进行了计算机筛选．结果表明，设计的siRNA的分子，针对np和pb1应该是最有效的，而针对ha和na的siRNA分子设计，需要疾病流行期毒株的最新测序数据；从ns1的数据不能获得很保守的、可作为预防治疗药物的siRNA分子．图1表4参16     

柄叶香茶菜二萜成份研究

从湘西抗菌草药柄叶香茶菜（Rabdosiaphyllopodia）中分得2个二萜化合物，经鉴定为卢氏冬凌草素5（ludondnin5）和贵州冬凌草素1（guidongnin1）．前者在2．5～30μg／mL时对大肠杆菌、溶血性链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、卡他杆菌、伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌、变形杆菌有抑菌作用．     

2—氨基—5—萘酚—7—磺酸生产废液的资源回用工艺研究

本文应用有机胺的离子缔合萃取作用回收了２－氨基－５－萘酚－７－磺酸生产废液中的９８％以上的有用成分，结果可从号产品吕废液中获取５７２３元的净效益，实现了治理资源回收的双重目的。从萃取体系的特性及其影响因素入手，深入研究了萃取剂浓度，待萃物含量及萃取效率的关系，建立了萃取体系的等温方程：１／Ｘ／Ｍ＝７．１９＋３１２．９１／Ｃ，ｒ＝０．９９９７。     

Boundary Layer Evolution and its Influence on Ground-Level Ozone Concentrations

Accurate determination of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) height (i.e., mixing height (MH)) is critical to properly simulating pollutant levels with the grid-based photochemical models. In this study, the daytime mixing heights based on the parcel and bulk Richardson number methods are compared with those obtained directly from a numerical mesoscale meteorological model in an effort to evaluate the uncertainties in the estimation of the PBL evolution. Mixing heights are estimated from hourly outputs of meteorological variables of the Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model Version 3.3 (MM5V3) with two PBL schemes (Blackadar and Gayno-Seaman) during July 1999 over Philadelphia, PA. An analysis of the diurnal variation in the urban PBL and its influence on ground-level ozone (O₃) levels is presented in this paper. The results indicate that on average, the MHs determined from the bulk Richardson number were larger than those estimated from the parcel method. The MHs from the MM5V3 output were much smaller than those derived from the parcel and bulk Richardson number methods, especially for the Gayno-Seaman scheme that is based on turbulent kinetic energy. The MH and ground-level O₃ concentration have been found to be twice as much on episode days than on non-episode days. The average hourly MH growth rate and O₃ tendency (i.e. rate of change in O₃) were largest during the morning hours (0700 to 1000 eastern standard time (EST)), suggesting that vertical mixing contributes significantly to the accumulation of ground-level O₃ in urban areas in the morning hours.     

BOD5样品分析中稀释倍数的确定

首衔正确估计出样品ＢＯＤ５浓度范围，并测定稀释水的溶解氧，然后根据稀释倍数公式计算三个适当的稀释倍数，本方法省时，可靠，适用性强，能够确保ＢＯＤ５样品分析一次成功。在ＢＯＤ５样品中分析中具有广泛的应用价值。     

生化需氧量测定的稀释倍数研究进展

概述了稀释法测定生化需氧量（ＢＯＤ５）的基本要求，综述了近年来国内生化需氧量测定中有关稀释倍数研究的主要成果，分析评价了稀释法测定生化需氧量的一些数理公式。