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51.
化学合成类制药行业工艺废气VOCs排放特征与危害评估分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
以浙江台州6家典型化学合成类制药企业为代表,对其排放工艺废气中的18项挥发性有机物(VOCs)特征污染物(如甲苯、甲醛、二氯甲烷等)进行监测和分析,并采用臭氧产生潜力(OFP)和健康风险评价指标对VOCs所产生的环境与健康危害进行初步的评价.结果表明,化学合成类制药企业排放的总VOCs浓度为14.9~308.6 mg·m-3,其产生环境危害的OFP值为3.1~315.1 mg·m-3,主要贡献物质为甲苯、四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯等6种物质,存在较大的潜在环境危害.另外,健康危害中的非致癌风险指数和总致癌风险指数介于9.48×10-7~4.98×10-4a-1和3.17×10-5~6.33×10-3之间,主要是苯、甲醛和二氯甲烷这3种致癌物. 相似文献
52.
赤泥碱性调控研究进展 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
赤泥是氧化铝工业生产过程产生的强碱性固体废弃物,资源化利用难、环境风险高,严重制约了氧化铝行业的可持续发展.赤泥土壤化是实现规模化处置赤泥的一种可行方法,而碱性调控则是赤泥土壤化的关键环节.论文在综述氧化铝生产过程碱性物质形成过程的基础上,从可溶性碱和化学结合碱角度分析了赤泥碱性物质的赋存状态,阐述了国内外化学调碱法和生物调碱法的研究进展和碱性转化机制,剖析了赤泥碱性调控方面存在的问题,提出了赤泥碱性调控研究的发展方向.这将为赤泥规模化处置和堆场生态重建、保障氧化铝工业的健康发展提供科学参考. 相似文献
53.
54.
Subsurface soils near Clyde Forks, Ontario, Canada, can have naturally high concentrations of mercury (Hg) from local geological sources. To investigate Hg in local aquatic food webs, Hg was measured in fish dorsal muscle (mainly yellow perch [YP] and pumpkinseed sunfish [PS]) and surface sediments from 10 regional lakes. Water chemistry, along with fork length, weight, and stable isotopes (delta15N, delta13C, delta34S) in fish were also measured. No lake sediments had elevated (>0.3microg/g dw) Hg, and average Hg concentrations in fish were not sufficiently high (<1microg/g dw) to be of concern for fish-eating wildlife. Variance in fish Hg was best explained by dietary carbon source (delta13C), and certain lake variables (e.g., pH for YP). PS with more pelagic feeding habits had higher delta34S and Hg than those with more littoral feeding habits. Potential biological linkages between fish Hg and delta34S, a parameter that may be related to the lake sulphate-reducing bacteria activity, requires further investigation. 相似文献
55.
T. R. Pope 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2000,48(4):253-267
Evaluation of evolutionary mechanisms proposed to promote cooperative behavior depends on the relative influence of the behavior
on the reproductive success of individuals, the reproductive success of the group in which they interact behaviorally, and
the degree of gene correlation among cooperators. The genetic relationship within cooperative coalitions of female red howler
monkeys was examined for three populations with different densities and growth rates. Patterns of gene correlation change
within coalitions is documented using data from the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes, and long-term census monitoring. Differences
in fecundity and infant survivorship within and between groups of unrelated (rˉ=0) and related (rˉ≥ 0.25) females are compared. Females that emigrate from their natal groups form coalitions with other migrant females. These
coalitions attempt to establish a territory and, once successful in producing offspring, exclude other females from feeding
resources. Females in these coalitions had different mtDNA haplotypes and a genetically estimated mean r of 0, supporting demographic data on emigration patterns indicating that these females rarely have the opportunity to form
coalitions with kin. Patterns of recruitment and rate of matriline development within social groups supported behavioral data
indicating that females actively attempt to promote their own matriline as breeders over that of other females, and that some
matrilines are more successful at this than others. Mean r among females was significantly higher in coalitions established as social groups for several generations (rˉ=0.44). In these groups, females all shared the same mtDNA haplotype, and mtDNA haplotype divergence was significantly higher
between than within groups. Females in coalitions with kin had significantly higher reproductive success than females in unrelated
coalitions in all populations. This difference was not a function of coalition size, number of males, socionomic sex ratio,
or primiparity, although anecdotal evidence suggests that allomothering may compensate for inept new mothers in related coalitions
more often than in unrelated ones. Differences in territory quality could not be ruled out as a potential causal factor in
the saturated populations, but were unlikely in the low-density, growing population. There were substantial differences among
long-established coalitions in overall reproductive output in all three populations, and this was significantly correlated
with the number of breeding females. Increase in coalition size was a function of both group age and the behavioral tolerance
among females. Regardless of the underlying reasons for the patterns observed, reproductive success clearly increases with
degree of gene correlation among females within cooperative coalitions, and coalitions that recruit more daughters produce
more offspring. The nature of the cooperative relationship among group females directly influences both of these outcomes.
This is associated with substantial genetic differentiation among social groups within populations, creating conditions in
which genetic tendencies towards cooperative behavior can become tightly associated with group reproductive success.
Received: 15 September 1999 / Revised: 27 April 2000 / Accepted: 27 May 2000 相似文献
56.
长江沿江区域空间结构系统调控研究 总被引:18,自引:3,他引:15
长江沿江区域“点-轴-集聚区”空间结构等级系统主要由三级点型式、三级轴型式和三个集聚区组成,形成机制在于其开发条件,中心一边缘疚以及区位和政策因素等,相应的调控措施主要包括:(1)正确处理沿江轴线和三级轴线(省域主要轴线)之间的关系,扩大参与沿江开发开放的地域范围,构筑与沿江轴线相交的新一三级轴线,重点发展一、二级轴线的节点港口城市;(2)加快沿江综合交通运输网建设,特别是沿江铁路建设;(3)优化 相似文献
57.
Christian Mrz Felipe S. Freitas Johan C. Faust Jasmin A. Godbold Sian F. Henley Allyson C. Tessin Geoffrey D. Abbott Ruth Airs Sandra Arndt David K. A. Barnes Laura J. Grange Neil D. Gray Ian M. Head Katharine R. Hendry Robert G. Hilton Adam J. Reed Saskia Rühl Martin Solan Terri A. Souster Mark A. Stevenson Karen Tait James Ward Stephen Widdicombe 《Ambio》2022,51(2):370
Unprecedented and dramatic transformations are occurring in the Arctic in response to climate change, but academic, public, and political discourse has disproportionately focussed on the most visible and direct aspects of change, including sea ice melt, permafrost thaw, the fate of charismatic megafauna, and the expansion of fisheries. Such narratives disregard the importance of less visible and indirect processes and, in particular, miss the substantive contribution of the shelf seafloor in regulating nutrients and sequestering carbon. Here, we summarise the biogeochemical functioning of the Arctic shelf seafloor before considering how climate change and regional adjustments to human activities may alter its biogeochemical and ecological dynamics, including ecosystem function, carbon burial, or nutrient recycling. We highlight the importance of the Arctic benthic system in mitigating climatic and anthropogenic change and, with a focus on the Barents Sea, offer some observations and our perspectives on future management and policy. 相似文献
58.
59.
王睿彤 《铁路节能环保与安全卫生》2020,(2):28-32
在概述国际和国内碳交易市场发展现状的基础上,从企业获取碳资产途径及开展碳交易基础方面分析企业碳资产开发。探讨铁路企业开展碳资产项目的必要性和可行性,认为国内统一碳市场发展为铁路开发碳资产创造条件、铁路系统具有巨大的碳资产开发潜力、铁路系统相关碳资产开发方法学已较为成熟、改革为铁路碳资产开发提供助力、技术革新为铁路碳资产开发提供支持,进而提出铁路企业开发碳资产项目需解决的问题及建议。 相似文献
60.
林业是重要的碳汇资源,在减缓全球气候变化、改善自然生态环境、促进经济可持续发展等方面有着至关重要的作用。作为林业碳汇的重要实现形式,碳汇造林项目兼具生态保护、促进经济发展与贫困减缓等重要功能,其实施成效究竟如何需要进一步验证。为此,本文从理论上分析了碳汇造林项目对县域经济发展的影响机理,利用2000—2016年四川47个县域的面板数据,采用PSM-DID模型估计了碳汇造林项目对县域经济发展的平均效应和动态效应,并对其影响机理进行了验证。结果显示:①碳汇造林项目的实施显著地促进了地区实际GDP和人均实际GDP的增长,这一结论在进行稳健性检验后依然成立;②囿于项目周期较长,此促进作用在短期内尚不能立竿见影,具有明显的滞后效应,且实施的时间越长,对当地经济发展的促进作用越大;③碳汇造林项目主要通过优化当地产业结构、提高居民储蓄率、提升地区政府财政收支水平等途径促进当地经济发展。因此,为更好地发挥碳汇造林项目对县域经济发展的促进作用,应继续拓展碳汇造林项目的覆盖区域,加大专项投资力度,引导碳汇造林项目向生态脆弱的深度贫困地区倾斜;在更加注重碳汇造林项目的长期效应的同时,应建立完善项目运行的长效稳定机制,防范潜在的自然与市场风险,保障项目对地区经济发展的长期驱动力;加快改善地区的融资环境,鼓励居民和企业将储蓄和融资能力有效转化为投资能力,充分依托碳汇造林项目促进当地经济可持续发展。 相似文献