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61.
《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5-6):747-756
Abstract Degradation of trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) was investigated in soils taken from three different locations at Harran region of Turkey under laboratory conditions. Surface (0–10 cm) soils, which were taken from a pesticide untreated field Gürgelen, Harran-1 and Ikizce regions in the Harran Plain, were incubated in biometer flasks for 350 days at 25°C. Ring-UL-14C-trifluralin was applied at the rate of 2 µg g?1 with 78.7 kBq radioactivity per 100 g soil flask. Evolved 14CO2 was monitored in KOH traps throughout the experiment. Periodically, soil sub-samples were removed and extracted by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Unextractable soil-bound 14C residues were determined by combustion. During the 350 days incubation period 6.6, 5.4, and 3.3% of the applied radiocarbon was evolved as 14CO2 from the Harran-1, Gürgelen, and Ikizce soil, respectively. At the end of 350 days the SFE-extractable and bound 14C-trifluralin residues were 39.0 and 29.2% of the initially applied herbicide in Gürgelen soil. The corresponding values for Harran-1 and Ikizce soils were 36.2, 28.4% and 41.6, 18.5% respectively. 相似文献
62.
S.M.A.D. Zayed I.Y. Mostafa A.E. El‐Arab 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(1):169-175
Abstract 14C‐p,p'‐DDT‐bound residues in soil can be released by treatment with concentrated sulphuric acid at ambient temperatures. Within 6 days, about 70% of the bound residues was released. Bound residues released after 9 months incubation with 14C‐DDT showed the presence of DDT and DDE only while bound residues released after 18 months, contained in addition 13% DDD. Release of bound 14C‐residues also occurs readily following inoculation of the soil‐bound residues with fresh soil or with individual microorganisms. Almost complete release of bound residues was observed after incubation for 45 days. The rate of release was rapid during the first two weeks and decreased thereafter. TLC and HPLC analysis showed that the released residues contained DDE (about 80%) and a smaller amount of DDD. The disappearance of DDT from the released residues may be attributed to its microbiological degradation to DDE and DDD, shortly after its release. 相似文献
63.
"十三五"时期,我国通过政策和法制改革有效地促进了污染防治和生态环境保护工作。"十四五"时期,须进一步加强政策和法制的针对性和灵活性,从充分性和均衡度两个方面提升我国区域、流域和行业生态环境国家治理的综合绩效。为此,需要发挥党内法规和国家立法的相互支持作用,促进国家立法的有效实施;中央与地方签订行政协议,调动地方深入开展生态环保工作的积极性;推进流域与区域的专门立法或者协同立法,通过体制制度和机制的集成创新促进实际问题的解决;按照流域与区域生态环保目标设立生态环境标准,体现生态环保工作的针对性和因地制宜性;实行"法定义务+企业承诺"履行制度,因企制宜地落实各生产经营单位的生态环保责任;国家需要总结和推广一些地方探索和有效实施的灵活性工作制度,并发挥市场机制对生态环境资源和生态环保产业发展的调节作用。 相似文献
64.
65.
水溶性有机物的电子穿梭功能研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以源于污泥的DOM(dissolved organic matter)为供试材料,以中国希瓦氏菌(Shewanella cinica)D14T为电子转移驱动力,研究了DOM的氧化还原性能与电子穿梭功能.结果表明,污泥DOM可作为末端电子受体接受醌还原菌D14T呼吸链上的电子,从而转变为还原态DOM,而还原态DOM可将电子再次转移给Fe(Ⅲ).经D14T还原后,DOM电子供给量(e-/C)由初始2.2~14μmol.g-1增加到253~347μmol.g-1.循环伏安法与多次还原-氧化循环实验表明,DOM呈现2对明显的氧化还原峰,经3次还原-氧化循环后电子供给量可稳定维持在150~250μmol.g-1之间,说明DOM具有重复利用、反复转移电子的特性.在菌株D14T还原水铁矿的体系中,加入DOM可提高水铁矿的还原溶解速率,其原因是DOM在D14T与水铁矿之间充当了电子穿梭体的角色.这些结果反映了DOM在电子转移反应中的重要性,为DOM的环境属性提出了一个新见解. 相似文献
66.
要有效地减少城市碳排放和正确地判断城市现有减排措施的有效性就必须准确地确定城市大气CO2的来源.由于碳同位素比从污染源到受体的传输过程中同位素分馏现象不明显,本研究建立了一套基于碳同位素比技术定量估算城市大气CO2来源的方法,并用该方法初步定量分析了上海市嘉定区大气CO2中来自燃煤、机动车尾气和生物质贡献的时空分布.上海市嘉定区大气CO2的上述3种来源中,生物质的贡献最大.燃煤的贡献在夜间(00:00、04:00和20:00)多于白天(08:00、12:00和16:00),且随高度的升高而增大;机动车尾气的贡献则随高度的升高而降低.大气CO2浓度时空分布特征体现了上海市郊嘉定区大气CO2的排放特征和各来源的传输特性. 相似文献
67.
Adsorption behavior of Azo Dye C. I. Acid Red 14 in aqueous solution
on surface soils 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
QU Baocheng ZHOU Jiti XIANG Xuemin ZHENG Chunli ZHAO Hongxi ZHOU Xiaobai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2008,20(6):704-709
Azo dyes have received considerable attention because of their association with various human health problems. The aim of the investigation is to determine the adsorption behavior ofazo dyes in aqueous solution on DG06, GSE17200, and GSE17201 soils using C. I. Acid Red 14 (AR14) as example. The experimental results indicate that the Freundlich model expresses the adsorption isotherm better than the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order model achieves adsorption of AR14 on the three soils well. Based on the pseudo-second-order model, the adsorption thermodynamic of AR14 on DG06 soil have been studied and the thermodynamics parameter of AGO is determined and AGO value shows the adsorption process of AR14 on DG06 is mainly physical in nature. Furthermore, the effects of temperature, pH and salinity (NaC1) on adsorption have been investigated. The decrease in pH or the increase in salinity enhances the adsorption of AR14 by DG06, GSE17200, and GSE17201. 相似文献
68.
69.
Three 14C-labelled polychloroalkanes (C12 and C16), representing low (23% Cl by weight), medium (51%), and highly (68%) chlorinated paraffin (CP) mixtures, were presented to rainbow trout via the water. The uptake in fat-rich tissues was positively correlated to the degree of chlorination of the preparations. Notably, all preparations gave rise to a high and selective uptake of radioactivity in the olfactory organ and gills. This selective radiolabelling may reflect a general ability of these organs to enrich xenobiotics from the surrounding water. The olfactory organ may be a hitherto unforseen target for toxic environmental pollutants in fish. 相似文献
70.
Eric Lichtfouse Michel Lichtfouse Michaele Kashgarian Roland Bol 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2005,3(2):78-81
Measuring the amount of fossil fuel carbon stored in the vegetation is now crucial to understand the mechanisms ruling climate
changes. In this respect, highly polluted areas such as major towns represent “natural” laboratories because fossil fuel CO2 (14C-free) is isotopically distinct from mean atmospheric CO2 (14C-labeled). Here, a14C study of urban grasses near a major highway in Paris, France, shows that plants store up to 13% of fossil fuel carbon. The
14C composition of urban grasses is thus a novel parameter to assess the fossil fuel CO2 pollution. 相似文献