气封壁高浓度有机污染物超临界水氧化处理系统

利用干燥空气替换亚临界水作为蒸发壁流体,对传统蒸发壁超临界水氧化反应器进行了改进,即将干燥空气用作污染物超临界水氧化反应氧化剂的同时,又作为该超临界水氧化反应体系的密封介质,避免其与反应器内壁的直接接触,以改善超临界水氧化反应器的耐腐蚀性能。通过对采用城市活性污泥和异丙醇配制的高浓度难降解污染物悬浮液进行超临界水氧化处理后,发现反应器内衬陶瓷管在实验前后无论是外观形貌,还是结构组成均未发生明显变化;处理后液体COD降至80 mg/L以下,去除率达到99.6%以上,固体残渣量约为污染物总量的1%,且体系运行过程中压力和温度控制准确,可操作性强。进一步验证了将干燥空气作为超临界水氧化体系的密封介质具有可行性,同时表明,该气封壁超临界水氧化反应系统可用于高浓度难降解有机污染物的环境处理。     

Ecosystem evolution of seal colony and the influencing factors in the 20th century on Fildes Peninsula,West Antarctica

As the topmost predator in Antarctica, the seal is a unique indicator of Antarctic environment and climate changes. In this study, we collected a sediment core from the Fildes Peninsula of West Antarctica, and used cholesterol, cholestanol, epicoprostanol, coprostanol, and seal hair numbers as the proxy indicators of seal population size and phytol as of general vegetation, and we reconstructed the 20th century history of variation of the seal population and vegetation abundance on this island. The sealing industry in the early 20th century caused the dramatic decline of seal population, and the ban of seal hunting since the 1960s led to its recovery of seal population. The seal population during the past century was primarily controlled by human activities and krill density. The reconstructed relation between seal population and vegetation abundance may oifer new insights into Antarctic environment and ecology.     

液体气溶胶抑制受限空间内烃类挥发的实验研究

在含有残留油品的受限空间内作业时,易发生油气燃爆事故。利用两性离子型氟碳表面活性剂组分制备了具有低表面张力的抑爆剂溶液,能够在易挥发烃类液体表面自由铺展成液膜,从而对烃类液体形成液封,抑制油气挥发。利用超细雾化装置,能够将抑爆剂溶液雾化形成液体气溶胶,气力输送至受限空间内。实验验证了受限空间内液体气溶胶中的微小液滴能够沉积在残留油品的表面形成液封,同时液滴和液膜的气液界面能够吸收空间内的油气分子,从而降低空间内的油气浓度。研究证明,利用抑爆剂液体气溶胶混合物来置换含残留油品受限空间内的油气,能够将受限空间内的油气浓度长久维持在10%LEL(Lower Explosion Limit)以下,降低空间内油气燃爆风险。     

核电厂温排水融冰预测及影响评估

渤海辽东湾附近海域在严寒季节海冰分布广泛,核电厂向受纳海域排放的温排水带有大量乏热,将导致海域内水温升高而引起海冰融化。某核电厂址西侧海域有一斑海豹国家自然保护区,电厂温排水及其融冰效应可能影响斑海豹的生存、繁殖环境。文章根据核电厂温排水融冰模型对其融冰量的预测和环境影响分析,表明了电厂温排水对斑海豹保护区的影响是在较小范围内的。     

不同气源压缩气体泡沫灭浮顶罐密封圈火灾性能比较

为评估不同气源压缩气体泡沫扑救浮顶罐密封圈火灾的有效性,通过足尺灭火试验,研究不同工况下压缩气体泡沫对浮顶罐密封圈火灾的灭火性能以及气源类型、挡雨板遮挡对灭火的影响。结果表明:在泡沫溶液供给强度为5 L/（min·m2）条件下,压缩氮气泡沫和压缩空气泡沫均可快速有效扑灭典型浮顶罐密封圈火灾,且灭火后不发生复燃;密封圈挡雨板对泡沫施加和灭火均有较大影响,不利于快速灭火;无论是否设置挡雨板,压缩氮气泡沫的灭火性能均比压缩空气泡沫略有提升,实际工程中有氮气源的场所建议直接采用已有供氮设备作为气源。研究结果对压缩气体泡沫系统工程设计以及在大型浮顶罐工程中的应用具有重要意义。     

湿热环境下装甲装备封存方法应用研究

分析了湿热环境对装甲装备封存的影响,探讨了封套封存和动态除湿封存的技术特点和适用范围。针对某型装甲装备的封存要求,设计了整装封存方案,进行了装备封存应用。通过控制装备封存的温湿度环境,提高了封存装甲装备的战备完好性。     

Trace elements accumulation in edible tissues of five sturgeon species from the Caspian Sea

This study is focused on twenty trace elements (Ag, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Ga, In, Mn, Mo, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sn, Sr, Ti, V, Zn) accumulation in muscles of five sturgeon species (Acipenser guldenstaedti, A. persicus, A. nudiventris, A. stellatus and Huso huso) from the southern part of the Caspian Sea. Moreover the relationships between some biological characteristics and the levels of the selected elements as well as inter-elemental relationships were assessed. The samples (10 specimens for each the five species) were collected from two important sturgeon fishery zones located in the Iranian part of the Sea in 2002. Concentrations of the elements were determined using ICPMS. Only in the case of Cs could significant differences between two selected sampling areas be detected. There were significant differences in levels of Co, Ga, Rb, Sn, Ti, Pb and Bi in muscles of the species. Only in the case of Cd weight related differences among the species were found. The significant length dependent relationships were observed for Ga and Ba. Patterns of elements accumulation were assessed by statistical methods and compared to the other researches. In all the cases, the amounts of toxic trace elements (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) were markedly below the international guidelines for human consumption.     

呼吸防护用品的人机工效学问题分析

呼吸防护用品符合人的形态与生理特征,才能保证其防护效果和舒适性。笔者从人体的面部形态与生理机能角度,分析了呼吸防护用品与人体的适配性,系统提出密合性、呼吸阻力、死腔、视野等呼吸防护用品的人机工效学问题。该论文取得的成果,对进一步丰富呼吸防护用品人机工效学研究内容,指导呼吸防护用品的设计与生产,提升我国呼吸防护用品的防护效果与核心竞争力,以期发挥积极的推动作用。     

后勤车辆装备封存管理与实施研究

装备封存具有显著的军事经济效益,是装备管理的重要内容。根据我军后勤装备建设的特点和新时期军事斗争准备要求,对装备封存管理理论与技术方法进行了探讨。针对封存标准化、规范化管理中的不足,提出了4条封存原则。研究了封存准备、封存实施和封存检查等内容。     

提高液化气罐区事故预防能力

膨胀压力和静密封泄漏是液化气罐区两大不安全因素,介绍了消除膨胀压力和控制静密封泄漏、稀释泄漏浓度、抢险堵漏的方法和注意事项。