无污染碘化法提金工艺条件及再生研究

以大兴安岭地区呼玛金矿含银氧化矿为原材料,探讨了碘化提金的工艺条件,并对碘的再生方式进行了研究。研究表明,常温条件下当浸出时间为3 h,液固比为5:1,碘含量达到0.8%,pH值在6~8的范围内时,可以得到较理想的浸金率,此时金的浸出率可达到90%以上。为了降低碘化提金的应用成本,采用锌置换金的方法使碘回收,结果显示,当锌粉的加入量为1 g,置换时间为1 h时,置换率最高,碘可以高效回收利用。     

污染物质在包气带中运移规律的实验研究

通过室内淋滤实验,研究了酚,氰,砷,汞,铬在粉质轻亚粘土和中砂中的积累,运移规律：（１）土体对污染物质吸附净化均可分为强吸附阶段,饱和吸附阶段和吸附饱和阶段;（２）土体对污染物质的吸附净化强度与其粒度通常呈负相关;（３）酚,氰在包气带中降解的主要原因是自身的挥发性与生物分解作用。证实污染物质在包气带中的主要迁移形式为：Ｈ３ＡｓＯ３,Ｈ２ＡｓＯ３＾－,ＣｒＯ４＾２,Ｈｇ（ＯＨ）＾＋,ＧｇＯＨＣＬ,同     

废催化剂浸出规律的静态实验方法

利用静态浸出实验方法对废催化剂中重金属在不同固水比和浸出次数条件下的浸出规律进行了系统研究。实验发现浸出次数大于３次后,重金属的浸出浓度和浸出速率趋于稳定,同时固水比的增加也没有明显改变废催化剂中重金属的浸出。认为在浸取次数大于３次以后,随着表面溶质的溶解,浸出过程主要为内扩散所控制。     

热带亚热带多雨湿润区旱地土壤氮肥淋溶损失模拟研究

用土柱研究旱地土壤60cm土体夏季的氮肥淋溶损失,结果表明,在土壤施尿素后35d内淋水350mm,在不产生泾流的条件下,淋失率平均为25．5％。还探讨了氮肥淋溶过程中的氮形态变化,以及施氮量和土层深度对氮肥淋浴损失的影响。     

有机溶剂浸取石油污染土壤中的多环芳烃

采用索氏提取法和气相色谱分析了某炼油厂周边土壤中的多环芳烃的种类及含量,考察了6种有机溶剂对土壤中多环芳烃的浸取效果,探讨了溶剂与溶质溶解度参数差异对浸取效果的影响。结果表明：土壤试样中含有蒽、荧蒽、芘、 、苯并[a]蒽、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽和苯并[a]芘8种多环芳烃,其含量分别为4.20,22.05,10.62,4.26,5.54,0.80,0.94,4.18 mg/kg;筛选出二氯甲烷作为土壤中多环芳烃的浸取溶剂;最佳浸取条件为浸取时间10 min、浸取温度30 ℃、溶剂与土壤的液固比5:1（mL/g）、土壤含水量8%,在此条件下,总多环芳烃浸出率为83.0%,各种多环芳烃的浸出率分别为蒽97.8%、荧蒽78.2%、芘99.9%、 98.5%、苯并[a]蒽81.1%、苯并[b]荧蒽47.6%、苯并[k]荧蒽14.8%、苯并[a]芘58.7%。     

煤矸石中元素Ba、Ni、Sr的淋溶析出

对安徽淮南煤矸石进行了成分分析和淋溶析出实验研究,结果表明：微量元素Ba、Ni、Sr在矸石山底部的含量高于新鲜样品,由此得出这三种元素对周围土壤及水环境的影响可能是有限的。     

Solubility and Potential Mobility of Heavy Metals in Two Contaminated Urban Soils from Stockholm,Sweden

The solubility and potential mobility of heavy metals (Cd, Cu,Hg, Pb and Zn) in two urban soils were studied by sequential andleaching extractions (rainwater). Compared to rural (arable) soils on similar parent material, the urban soils were highlycontaminated with Hg and Pb and to a lesser extent also with Cd,Cu and Zn. Metal concentrations in rainwater leachates were related to sequential extractions and metal levels reported fromStockholm groundwater. Cadmium and Zn in the soils were mainly recovered in easily extractable fractions, whereas Cu and Pb were complex bound. Concentrations of Pb in the residual fractionwere between two- and eightfold those in arable soils, indicatingthat the sequential extraction scheme did not reflect the solidphases affected by anthropogenic inputs. Cadmium and Zn conc. inthe rainwater leachates were within the range detected in Stockholm groundwater, while Cu and Pb conc. were higher, whichsuggests that Cu and Pb released from the surface soil were immobilised in deeper soil layers. In a soil highly contaminatedwith Hg, the Hg conc. in the leachate was above the median concentration, but still 50 times lower than the max concentration found in groundwater, indicating the possibilityof other sources. In conclusion, it proved difficult to quantitatively predict the mobility of metals in soils by sequential extractions.     

Zinc recovery from hazardous construction wastes via an integrated process of the air classification,alkaline leaching,and water washing

Zinc- and lead-containing wastes are often mixed with construction and demolition wastes in many factories, generating abundant of heavy metal-enriched hazardous waste. In the present study, a novel integrated process of air classification, alkaline leaching, and water washing dechlorination was proposed for the efficient recycling of Zinc (Zn) resources. The first air classification process was realized via venturi tube, wherein the content of Zn could increase by 20 wt.%. After that, the product underwent an alkaline leaching process. Results showed that Zn recovery rate increased with fine particle sizes, and a 65% recovery rate was obtained under the following conditions of 5 mol/L NaOH, liquid/solid 10:1, and leaching time 1 h. Finally, water washing associated with microwave and ultrasonic treatments could remove over 85% of Cl and other water-soluble salts. All the results indicated that the integrated method had an excellent recovery rate for Zn resources from construction and demolition wastes.     

医疗焚烧废渣的固定化试验研究

医疗垃圾属于国家规定的危险废物,焚烧后的残渣同样存在最后稳定化的问题,国外处理方法主要是填埋和基础回填,本文通过对两种胶凝材料(普硅水泥和复合矿渣水泥)对医疗废渣的固定化效果研究,探讨医疗废渣再利用的可行性和影响因素。     

煤矸石在新型动态循环淋溶装置中的淋溶特性

采用新型循环淋溶装置对煤矸石进行连续240h的淋溶实验,研究了煤矸石中重金属在淋溶过程中的溶出规律,通过向淋溶液中添加聚丙烯酰胺（CPAM）考察了固体颗粒物的沉降特性.结果表明： 随着淋溶反应时间延长,煤矸石中碱金属Na元素溶于水,形成碱性溶液,这两种因素导致淋溶反应初期淋溶液pH值升高.As、Zn离子浓度在淋溶时间为1~24h时呈上升趋势,而在24~72h,离子浓度呈下降趋势.淋溶液中Cr、Pb、Ba离子浓度在120h内均呈现上升趋势,而在120~240h,对于Cr离子来说,淋溶液的碱性环境促使Cr离子溶出率增大,但取样次数的增多也对Cr离子的浓度降低起到促进作用;淋溶液稀释和Ba离子的沉淀化合物形成,导致淋溶液中Ba离子浓度降低.120~240h,淋溶液中有机物被微生物的生化作用分解以及取样后外加塌陷区水体对淋溶液中COD和BOD起到稀释作用,使COD和BOD降低.在淋溶反应24h内,淋溶液中TON和NH₃-N出现波浪式变化,淋溶时间大于24h时,TON和NH₃-N总体呈升高趋势.随着淋溶时间延长,淋溶液中的固体颗粒物沉降速度逐渐变慢,延长了沉降时间.煤矸石中一些含氮化合物溶解于水中,使淋溶液中电离出 NH₄⁺离子,形成碱性环境.