叶轮气浮机用浮选剂研究

采用阳离子聚合物的表面活性剂作浮选剂，能增强气泡与絮粒的粘附能力，提高气浮分离效果，用该浮选剂对南充炼油厂的南阳油田稠油污水进行处理，去浊率达到９０％左右，处理效果与美国埃克森公司产３３９０浮选剂相当。     

Modifying glass fiber surface with grafting acrylamide by UV-grafting copolymerization for preparation of glass fiber reinforced PVDF composite membrane

Experimental design and response surface methodology(RSM) were used to optimize the modification of conditions for glass surface grafting with acrylamide(AM) monomer for preparation of a glass fiber reinforced poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) composite membrane(GFRP-CM). The factors considered for experimental design were the UV(ultraviolet)-irradiation time, the concentrations of the initiator and solvent, and the kinds and concentrations of the silane coupling agent. The optimum operating conditions determined were UV-irradiation time of 25 min, an initiator concentration of 0–0.25 wt.%,solvent of N-Dimethylacetamide(DMAC), and silane coupling agent KH570 with a concentration of 7 wt.%. The obtained optimal parameters were located in the valid region and the experimental confirmation tests conducted showed good accordance between predicted and experimental values. Under these optimal conditions, the water absorption of the grafted modified glass fiber was improved from 13.6% to 23%; the tensile strength was enhanced and the peeling strength of the glass fiber reinforced PVDF composite membrane was improved by 23.7% and 32.6% with an AM concentration at 1 wt.% and 2 wt.%. The surface composition and microstructure of AM grafted glass fiber were studied via several techniques including Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance(FTIR-ATR) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX). The analysis of the EDX and FTIR-ATR results confirmed that the AM was grafted to the glass fiber successfully by detecting and proving the existence of nitrogen atoms in the GFRP-CM.     

Pd/TiO2光催化苯甲酸水溶液产氢性能研究

为了探讨在光催化分解水(下称光解水)制氢反应中含苯有机废水作为牺牲剂的可行性,以光沉积法制备了Pd/TiO₂〔w(Pd)为0.5%〕模型催化剂,并且通过XRD(X射线衍射)、BET(N₂物理吸附)、TEM(透射电镜)、XPS(X射线光电子能谱)和UV-vis DRS(紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱)等表征手段考察了催化剂的微观结构及性质, 使用泊菲莱Labsolar-Ⅲ AG系统评价了苯甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯三甲酸作为牺牲剂的光催化性能. 结果表明:引入的Pd以Pb0和Pb2+高度分散在TiO₂基底表面,未改变TiO₂的晶体结构;与TiO₂相比,Pd/TiO₂具有更大的比表面积、更小的孔径和更强的光吸收性能. 苯甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯三甲酸光解水产氢速率分别为4.264、6.429和5.400 mmol/(g·h),分别为空白处理〔无牺牲剂,0.733 mmol/(g·h)〕的5.8、8.8、7.4倍. 依据乙酸和三氟乙酸的光解水产氢速率数据及结构特征,初步探讨了苯甲酸参与价带空穴氧化反应的机理,发现光解水产氢速率的大小与苯甲酸牺牲剂的还原性强弱、羧基个数以及空间位阻有关,表现为牺牲剂发生photo-Kolbe脱羧反应越容易、羰基数目越多、空间位阻越小,其光解水产氢速率越高. 未来应进一步探寻高效、稳定的模型牺牲剂,以应用于氢能源生产研究.      

3种刺激性化学战剂对鱼类的急性毒性

采用国际通用鱼种斑马鱼(Brachydaniorerio)及中国特有鱼种稀有鮈鲫(Gobiocyprisrarus)2种试验生物,对二苯氰胂、二苯氯胂、苯氯乙酮3种化学战剂进行了静态及半静态2种方式的急性毒性测试.结果表明,对于不稳定受试物,半静态试验方式更能满足对浓度的质量控制要求;对于鱼类,这3种化学战剂均属于极高毒性水平;这3种化学战剂对于鱼类的急性毒性程度不同,二苯氰胂、二苯氯胂的毒性在同一水平,其中二苯氯胂毒性略强些,苯氯乙酮较另2种物质的毒性弱一个量级,比较2种鱼类的试验结果得出,稀有鮈鲫与斑马鱼敏感性相似.      

Application of the Method of Organizational Congruencies in Substituting Organic Solvents With Vegetable Agents for the Cleaning of an Offset Printing Machine

The aim of this research is the application of the Method of Organizational Congruencies before and after the substitution of organic solvents with vegetable agents for the cleaning of an offset printing machine in order to assess the organizational changes. A solvent-free process is the goal of the Subsprint Project (Technology Transfer Program of the European Community). This, study shows how human and environmental health is improved by using vegetable agents, though this change may lead to some other organizational constraints such as an increase of tbe time needed, monotony, and repetitiveness of the technical actions involved. The authors underline that the knowledge of the impact of the new technology on health helps a better understanding of the resistance to the change and its further amelioration.     

Improving the health and safety of 911 emergency call centre agents: an evaluability assessment of a knowledge transfer strategy

A knowledge transfer (KT) strategy was implemented by the IRSST, an occupational health and safety research institute established in Québec (Canada), to improve the prevention of psychological and musculoskeletal problems among 911 emergency call centre agents. An evaluability assessment was conducted in which each aspect of the KT approach was documented systematically to determine whether the strategy had the potential to be evaluated in terms of its impact on the targeted population. A review of the literature on KT in occupational health and safety and on the evaluation of such KT programmes, along with the development of a logic model based on documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, indicated that the KT strategy was likely to have had a positive impact in the 911 emergency call centre sector. Implications for future research are discussed.     

工业污水回用是节约新鲜水的重要途径

介绍了二级出水深度处理工艺、药剂选择、试运行处理效果及深度处理后出水的回用情况。     

不同浸提剂条件下生物炭溶解性有机物的浸出规律

生物炭广泛应用于环境污染修复、土壤改良和废物生物转化过程,但其中的可浸出物质可能在应用过程中释放,对反应体系和环境造成不利影响.以厌氧消化不同阶段的模拟溶液(蒸馏水、缓冲盐溶液、甲醇和腐殖酸溶液)为浸提剂,采用高分辨液质联用仪,研究了不同浸提剂条件下生物炭浸出液的溶解性有机物组成.生物炭各浸出液中共检测到536种有效物质,其中有100种物质与标准物质数据库高度匹配.结果表明,这100种物质的相对分子质量分布在109～458范围内,平均相对分子质量为290. 2,涵盖苯酚类、芳香酸类、芳香醛和酮类、脂肪酸类等物质.相比传统研究方法采用的蒸馏水,生物炭在厌氧培养常用缓冲盐溶液中多浸出了3种脂肪酸和4种芳香族物质;甲醇浸出液中的物质类别最丰富,共计71种,其中包括大量的酚类和有机酸类物质;腐殖酸溶液浸取过程中,部分腐殖酸,包括醇和脂肪酸类物质会被生物炭吸附,但腐殖酸同时促进了生物炭中酚类物质的浸出,总体可被检测出的有机物种类减少了41. 7%.     

淋洗剂在重金属污染土壤修复中的研究进展

针对镉/铅等一类重金属污染土壤、砷污染土壤,以及镉-铅-砷等复合污染土壤（三类不同重金属污染土壤）,就淋洗剂在污染土壤修复中的选用等问题进行综述.总的来看,对于镉/铅等一类重金属污染土壤,螯合剂的去除率较高.如GLDA（谷氨酸N,N-二乙酸）和柠檬酸等,不仅去除率高,而且环境较友好对于砷污染土壤,复合淋洗剂的去除效果比较显著,如NaOH-EDTA对As的去除率较高对于镉-铅-砷等复合污染土壤,复合淋洗剂则更能发挥其所含各类淋洗剂的优势.如NaOH-H₃PO₄与单一淋洗剂相比,对土壤中多种重金属的去除率均较高.笔者认为,同时对土壤中多种重金属均有较高去除率且二次污染较小的复合淋洗剂将是未来的研究重点.     

螯合剂对小麦幼苗吸收金属以及土壤金属形态的效应

本文通过盆栽试验研究三种螯合剂（EDTA、[s,s】-EDDS、DTPA）对小麦幼苗吸收土壤中重金属及其它微量元素的效应,并且通过改进的BCR连续提取法分析了种植后土壤样品中金属元素的形态。结果表明：EDTA、DTPA的添加导致小麦幼苗地上部分生物量以及叶片叶绿素a含量显著下降。螯合剂的存在明显增加了Pb和Mn在幼苗根部和茎叶的富集,并增加其由根部向茎叶的传输．但对Fe和Ni的作用比较小。小麦幼苗收获时,除Zn之外,其它元素酸溶／可交换态金属含量与对照组相比均有非常显著的增加,而各元素的可还原态由于EDTA等螯合剂的添加而有明显下降。添加螯合剂的情况下,富集量与酸溶／可交换态含量之间的相关系数大大提高,且各处理组茎叶富集量与酸溶／可交换态之间呈显著（P〈0．05）或极显著相关（P〈0．01）。因此,三种螯合剂的添加主要影响的是生物可利用形态以及潜在的生物可利用形态,并且可能导致可还原态以及可氧化态向酸溶／可交换态转变,增加金属的生物可利用性,从而也增加潜在生态风险。