恶臭气体的治理技术进展研究

恶臭是一种日益引起全球重视的大气污染公害。恶臭气体有多种去除方法,本文详细介绍了目前主要采取的化学除臭法、物化除臭法、生物除臭法中具体方法的原理和特点,并指出各种除臭方法的发展趋势。     

Scent of a queen—cuticular hydrocarbons specific for female reproductives in lower termites

In social insects, it is assumed that signals of the queen inform nestmates about her reproductive status. Thus, workers forego their own reproduction if the queen signals high fertility. In hemimetabolous termites, little is known about reproductive inhibition, but evidence exists for a royal-pair control. Workers of lower termites exhibit a high developmental flexibility and are potentially able to become reproductives, but the presence of a fertile reproductive restrains them from reaching sexual maturity. The nature of this control, however, remains unknown. Here, we report on qualitative differences in cuticular hydrocarbon profiles between queens and workers of the basal drywood termite Cryptotermes secundus. Queens were characterized by a shift to long-chained and branched hydrocarbons. Most remarkably, similar chemical patterns are regarded as fertility cues of reproductives in social Hymenoptera. This might suggest that both groups of social insects convergently evolved similar chemical signatures. The present study provides deeper insights into how termites might have socially exploited these signatures from sexual communication in their cockroach-like ancestor. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Water input requirements of the rapidly shrinking Dead Sea

The deepest point on Earth, the Dead Sea level, has been dropping alarmingly since 1978 by 0.7 m/a on average due to the accelerating water consumption in the Jordan catchment and stood in 2008 at 420 m below sea level. In this study, a terrain model of the surface area and water volume of the Dead Sea was developed from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission data using ArcGIS. The model shows that the lake shrinks on average by 4 km²/a in area and by 0.47 km³/a in volume, amounting to a cumulative loss of 14 km³ in the last 30 years. The receding level leaves almost annually erosional terraces, recorded here for the first time by Differential Global Positioning System field surveys. The terrace altitudes were correlated among the different profiles and dated to specific years of the lake level regression, illustrating the tight correlation between the morphology of the terrace sequence and the receding lake level. Our volume-level model described here and previous work on groundwater inflow suggest that the projected Dead Sea–Red Sea channel or the Mediterranean–Dead Sea channel must have a carrying capacity of >0.9 km³/a in order to slowly re-fill the lake to its former level and to create a sustainable system of electricity generation and freshwater production by desalinization. Moreover, such a channel will maintain tourism and potash industry on both sides of the Dead Sea and reduce the natural hazard caused by the recession.     

内蒙古煤化工废水零排放中浓盐废水处理技术及存在的问题讨论

内蒙古自治区煤炭储量位居全国首位,同时又属于严重缺水地区,煤化工、盐化工等化工废水零排放为成了热点话题。浓盐水的处理成为制约化工废水零排放的关键技术。介绍了浓盐水的处理技术及存在的问题同时对主要处理技术的投资行进了比较分析。     

贵州兴仁煤矿废水灌溉区的土壤重金属污染评价及经济损失估算

本文选用污染损失率法初步估算了贵州兴仁煤矿废水灌溉区的土壤重金属污染损失率和重金属污染经济损失量。计算数据显示,环境污染所造成的经济损失约为339.58万元。研究区40%的土壤处于严重污染状态,呈现出R（As）〉R（Cu）〉R（Zn）〉R（Pb）的关系,综合污染损失率与元素As的单元素污染损失率表现出极高的相关性,反映出As是造成研究区重金属污染的主要污染元素。     

洪水灾害损失评估研究综述

洪水灾害是当今世界上最主要的自然灾害之一,给社会带来巨大的经济损失和人员伤亡,科学地对洪水灾害进行损失评估是防洪减灾措施的理论基础和前提,也是当今社会研究的热点之一。文章从评估指标,评估方法,遥感和GIS三个方面国内外洪水灾害损失评估的研究进展做了介绍,概括了目前评估方法的优缺点和经济损失的新方法,并在研究现状进一步认识的基础上,提出了当今研究中存在的主要问题,最后指出了有待进一步研究和发展的新方向。     

城市天然气系统地震灾害风险评估研究

城市天然气系统地震灾害风险评估是城市生命线工程研究的重要内容.基于城市天然气管道网路分布的特点,地震危险性分析、管道工程易损性(脆弱性)等工程研究成果基础上,考虑城市天然气系统错综复杂的网络特点,开展地震灾害风险评估构成内容研究;基于城市天然气系统震害对管道运营企业、城市的区域经济、社会和资源与环境的市场影响和非市场影...     

沿海城市灰霾天气与海盐氯损耗机制的关系

随着经济规模迅速扩大和城市化进程加快,大气气溶胶污染日趋严重,由细粒子气溶胶造成的能见度恶化事件越来越多,这些人类活动排放的污染物,可形成灰霾天气致使能见度下降。尤其值得注意的是沿海城市灰霾天气增长较快,沿海城市灰霾天气增多与海盐气溶胶粒子的氯损耗机制关系密切。我国30年前在粉尘污染时代建立的空气质量评价体系,已经远远不能描述新型复合空气污染类型,尤其是不能描述细粒子污染的情况,能见度的恶化主要与细粒子的浓度关系比较大,而与气溶胶的质量浓度关系不大。能见度与PM2.5尤其是PM1有非常好的关系,因而目前用能见度来描述灰霾天气是最好的指标。     

南四湖地区甜瓜病虫害防治中的农业面源污染防控研究

通过生物农药绿色替代和农药减量与精准施用技术应用,研究其在甜瓜白粉病、霜霉病、炭疽病等真菌病害防治中的病虫防治效果、经济效益、环境效益,为地区农业病虫防治中农药替代、减施增效,防止或减缓农业面源污染提供依据.     

奥林匹克森林公园典型人工林地非点源污染输出特征分析

选取北京奥林匹克森林公园的典型人工林地为研究对象,通过对天然降雨径流过程及泥沙、氮、磷等污染物浓度随径流变化过程的监测,研究公园典型密草林她覆盖下,不同坡形及人工沟渠汇流条件下的径流及污染物浓度、形态和负荷的输出特征.结果表明,相同降雨条件下,林地1的坡长/坡宽比小,径流深度大,林地1坡度较大的草皮型汇流沟渠对径流的削...