基于深度学习的污染场地作业人员着装规范性检测

为解决污染场地修复作业中缺乏统一的人员安全保障管理措施以及人工监管困难的问题,结合HSE理念提出1种基于优化Faster R-CNN的作业人员着装规范性检测算法。该方法在回归损失函数中引入L2正则项,既保证模型的泛化能力,又提高深层网络模型收敛速度。基于自建着装规范数据集（Dress Code Dataset）进行实验,评价算法检测时间和mAP等指标。结果表明:所提出的着装规范性检测算法检测时间为44 ms,mAP为88.17%,解决了传统检测算法中实时性和准确率低的问题,且模型具有更好的泛化性和鲁棒性。     

装置进气口宽度对不同尺寸油盘火旋风燃烧特性影响的研究

为探究进气口宽度对火旋风燃烧特性的影响,利用自然驱动的四面边墙夹缝式装置对不同进气口宽度使用１５０,２００,２５０ mm 3种直径进行实验研究。由燃料质量随时间变化曲线得出准稳态阶段火旋风的质量燃烧速率;利用摄像机记录火焰的连续图像并获得火焰高度。结果表明:针对实验室小型火旋风（150~250 mm）,在进气口宽度为35 mm左右时,火旋风的燃烧速率最大,即火旋风的燃烧强度存在1个最佳的进气口宽度;当火焰高度达到最高时,环量也存在1个临界值。     

The role of local governments before and during chemical accidents,focusing on changes in hazardous chemical management systems

ABSTRACT

Disaster management spans actions before, during, and after disaster events. Changes in the roles and functions of local governments before a disaster can influence other stages of disaster management. After a chemical spill in 2012, South Korean hazardous chemical management tasks were returned to the central government and local governments’ roles and functions were reduced. To identify associated issues and enhance the hazardous chemical management system, this study analyzed changes in laws and policies and conducted interviews with stakeholders. While the changes helped with centralization, reinforcement, and specification, some loopholes were discovered. The information and human resource capacities of local governments and intra – and intergovernmental relations issues have hindered their active participation before and during chemical disasters. These loopholes can be addressed through institutional enhancements for local governments, such as including them in monitoring hazardous chemical handling facilities, developing codes articulating the division of tasks among departments within them, and providing adequate incentives for them to increase their personnel. This study provides empirical data that informs ongoing debates about the centralization and devolution of disaster management by linking local governments’ ordinary management systems to their disaster management activities.     

京沈客运专线框架式声屏障降噪效果研究

高速铁路经过城市建成区两侧分布有高层住宅建筑,普通直立式、折角式声屏障对于较高楼层难以有效阻隔噪声,框架式声屏障具有更好的降噪效果,对其降噪效果的研究越来越成为工程设计中噪声治理选取的重要依据。在阐述框架式结构声屏障插入损失确定方法的基础上,分别采用边界元法、统计能量法预测框架式声屏障的降噪效果,通过实际案例加以类比验证,得出京沈客运专线框架式声屏障降噪效果。     

环境监测布点在场地环境调查与风险评估中的应用--以XXX化肥厂为例

本文以某化肥厂场地为例,经过现场分析与场地污染识别分区结果,该区域内的地下水埋深在47m左右,本次调查中场地未揭露地下水。调查共分6个区域对样品的重金属类、石油烃类、VOC类、VOCs类、氰化物、硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐、氨氮及游离氨类进行了初步筛查;场地内的氨氮及游离氨有大量检出,在超标区域及附近区域需进行详细调查,增加点位,针对氨氮及游离氨进行采样分析。     

关于土壤环境污染化学与化学修复研究与分析

土壤环境污染问题一直是困扰我国社会经济发展的重要难题,随着科学技术的不断进步,土壤环境污染修复技术也取得了创新与进步。化学修复是土壤环境污染修复的重要举措,同时多样化的化学修复技术为土壤环境污染问题提供了更加科学与合理的修复途径,因此化学修复具有较强的适用性。本文就土壤环境污染化学及化学修复技术进行全面探讨和研究,希望推动相关领域的创新发展。     

Low-cost adsorbents for urban stormwater pollution control

• Various low-cost adsorbents are studied for capturing urban stormwater pollutants. • Adsorbents are selected based on both pollutant adsorption and unexpected leaching. • Application modes of adsorbents influence their utilization efficacy in practice. Stormwater represents a major non-point pollution source at an urban environment. To improve the treatment efficacy of stormwater infrastructure, low-cost adsorbents have increasingly gained attention over the past decades. This article aims to briefly discuss several key aspects and principles for utilization of low-cost adsorbents for urban stormwater treatment. To determine whether a low-cost adsorbent is suitable for stormwater treatment, two aspects should be carefully assessed, including: 1) its adsorption mechanisms and behaviors that can influence the binding stre.g.,h, adsorption kinetics, and treatment capacity; and 2) unwanted chemical leaching patterns that can affect the extent of water quality degradation. Furthermore, the application mode of an adsorbent in the system design influences the utilization efficiency. Adsorbents, after dosed to soil media in infrastructure, would eventually become ineffective after oversaturation. In contrast, standalone filters or innovative composite adsorbents (e.g., adsorbent-coated mulch chips) can enable a long-lasting adsorption due to periodic replacement with fresh adsorbents. The aforementioned principles play a key role in the success of urban stormwater treatment with low-cost adsorbents.     

流固耦合下U型金属波纹管损耗因子研究

利用模态分析的方法对有、无介质以及波高、波厚对波纹管损耗因子的影响进行了研究,根据数值分析结果,得到了波纹管不同参数对损耗因子的影响变化曲线。结果表明,介质压力在3.2 MPa处存在一个损耗因子峰值;集中力的拉/压力对损耗因子的影响规律是相反的,拉力增加损耗因子减小而压力增加损耗因子增加;波高与损耗因子之间近似存在一种线性关系;壁厚为0.8 mm时损耗因子值最小。最后,通过试验验证了有限元模型和数值分析的可靠性和准确性。     

Toxicity of new pyrethroid in pest insects Asciamonuste and Diaphania hyalinata,predator Solenopsis saevissima and stingless bee Tetragonisca angustula

There is increasing demand for new products for vegetable pest management. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of pyrethroids with acid moiety modifications to measure the insecticidal activity of these compounds on the lepidopteran vegetable pests Diaphania hyalinata (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Asciamonuste (Latreille) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) and evaluate their selectivity for the predatory ant Solenopsis saevissima (F. Smith) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and pollinator Tetragonisca angustula (Latreille) (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponinae). Racemic mixtures of five new pyrethroids (30 µg molecule mg^?1 insect body weight) resulted in high (100%) and rapid (stable LD₅₀ after 12 h) mortality in D. hyalinata and A. monuste. In A. monuste, the trans-pyrethroid [12] isomer showed similar toxicity to permethrin. For D. hyalinata, the trans-pyrethroid [9] isomer and cis-pyrethroid [10] isomer were as toxic as permethrin. Due to their low selectivity, these new pyrethroids should be applied on the basis of ecological selectivity principles to minimize impacts on nontarget organisms S. saevissima and T. angustula.     

深圳农业面源污染与近岸水体富营养化关系研究Ⅰ.农业陆源排污分析

主要从深圳市农业对水体的陆源污染包括农田化肥流失和畜禽养殖业排污等污染源出发,通过对农业化肥施用量和施用强度、畜禽养殖业排污变化趋势分析,估算出二者各自污染物排放量,探讨其与深圳近海水体污染变化趋势间的关系。对相关数据分析表明:(1)深圳市农业化肥流失是深圳近海水体富营养化成因之一,其在1994年之后对近海水体污染程度加大;(2)深圳市畜禽养殖业排污是深圳近海水体富营养化主要成因之一,其在1997年之后对近海水体污染程度加大;(3)农业化肥流失和畜禽养殖业排污主要受农业用地面积、农业政策的影响。