城市污水处理厂出水的化学需氧量和悬浮物的相关关系以及悬浮物测定方法探讨

以活性污泥法为基础的二级生化处理工艺是城市污水处理的基本方法，其出水的化学需氧量值(CODCr)不仅大于悬浮物(SS)值，而且两者之间还存在着一致性的相关关系。本文对这种关系作了相应探讨。同时对悬浮物的测定方法进行了探讨，提出了悬浮物的表示由可沉固体 透明度的概念。     

石油贮罐硫自燃的化学机理和控制技术

根据硫化学、电化学和热化学原理 ,系统地分析研究了石油贮罐硫化物的形成和硫自燃的化学机理 ,探讨石油贮罐硫自燃控制技术 ,并提出了新的自然控制思路。笔者认为 ,化学反应、放热、热量积蓄是自燃条件 ,硫氧化、聚热、升温、着火为自燃的主要过程 ;控制硫自燃的主要技术有防止硫腐蚀、减少硫化物的氧化反应、加快散热和降低温度 ,而最有效的方法是电化学控制技术。     

通惠河某段沉积物污染特征研究与评价

选取了通惠河高碑店-双会桥段的5个断面进行取样,对底泥重金属含量及重金属形态进行测定。结果表明,Zn和Pb主要以残渣态存在;Cu以具有活性潜力的铁锰氧化物形态及碳酸盐结合态2种形态为主;Cd的可交换态占其总量的比例较高,而其残渣态含量极小。采用地累积指数法、次生相与原生相分布比值法以及潜在生态风险指数法从不同角度对河道...     

利用电子探针对水泥净浆中Cr、As、Pb分布特征的研究

通过在模拟水泥窑中高温煅烧含Cr、As、Pb的水泥生料,制取水泥熟料,进而制备水泥净浆片.然后利用电子探针的点、线、面分析,研究了水泥净浆中Cr、As、Pb的整体分布特征及在不同矿物相中的具体分布特征,以揭示Cr、As、Pb在其中的微观物理化学形态,为建立Cr、As、Pb的释放机制提供理论基础.结果表明,Cr在水化硅酸...     

化工建设规划生态环境影响评价研究

规划环境影响评价是以可持续发展的思想为出发点,通过调整规划布局或规模从规划源头预防环境污染和生态破坏。文章探讨了化工建设规划的生态环境影响评价理论和方法学体系,并以武汉化工新城为例,对该理论方法体系进行探讨。     

珠江口桂山岛沉积物中重金属的污染评价和形态分布特征

在珠江口东侧航道附近的桂山岛周围7个位点采集表层沉积物样品,采用Hakanson生态危害指数法和污染系数初步考察了表层沉积物中重金属污染状况和生态危害程度,并由重金属富集因子分析了沉积物中重金属污染来源.结果表明,沉积物中Cu、Pb、Cd和Zn的富集达到中等污染水平,而Ni尚处于低污染水平;沉积物中重金属的生态危害目前...     

三峡库区消落带土壤重金属Zn的形态分布特征及其影响因素

以位于三峡库区腹心地带的一级支流—小江消落带为研究区,通过野外采样和室内分析,对消落带上土壤重金属Zn及其化学形态的含量特征进行了分析,并采用相关分析和逐步回归法探讨了影响重金属化学形态的影响因素。结果表明,消落带土壤重金属Zn全量、酸溶态、可还原态、可氧化态、残渣态平均含量分别为126.03mg.kg-1,3.60mg.kg-1、5.44mg.kg-1、10.59mg.kg-1和106.40mg.kg-1。Zn全量及其化学形态含量在小江各区段的分布呈中游段最高,上游、中下游段较低的特征,这主要与小江流域消落带各区段的地质背景有关。Zn不同形态含量受Zn全量及土壤理化性质影响的显著性程度不同。可还原态主要受Zn全量的影响;可氧化态主要受泥粒含量的影响;残渣态受Zn全量和有机质含量的共同影响;酸溶态含量受Zn全量和土壤理化性质的影响均不显著。     

我国3种自然土壤中稀有金属的化学形态分布特征研究

以我国3种典型土壤黑土、潮土和红壤为研究对象,在相对清洁未扰动自然土壤区域采集了土壤的剖面样品,分析了土壤中的稀有金属银(Ag)、铋(Bi)、铟(In)、锡(Sn)的含量水平,利用元素富集率(ER)的垂向分布探讨了外源污染对金属含量的影响,并采用连续逐级提取法研究了土壤中稀有金属的化学形态分布特征,用金属可交换态和碳酸...     

Pheromonal regulation of starvation resistance in honey bee workers (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Apis mellifera</Emphasis>)

Most animals can modulate nutrient storage pathways according to changing environmental conditions, but in honey bees nutrient storage is also modulated according to changing behavioral tasks within a colony. Specifically, bees involved in brood care (nurses) have higher lipid stores in their abdominal fat bodies than forager bees. Pheromone communication plays an important role in regulating honey bee behavior and physiology. In particular, queen mandibular pheromone (QMP) slows the transition from nursing to foraging. We tested the effects of QMP exposure on starvation resistance, lipid storage, and gene expression in the fat bodies of worker bees. We found that indeed QMP-treated bees survived much longer compared to control bees when starved and also had higher lipid levels. Expression of vitellogenin RNA, which encodes a yolk protein that is found at higher levels in nurses than foragers, was also higher in the fat bodies of QMP-treated bees. No differences were observed in expression of genes involved in insulin signaling pathways, which are associated with nutrient storage and metabolism in a variety of species; thus, other mechanisms may be involved in increasing the lipid stores. These studies demonstrate that pheromone exposure can modify nutrient storage pathways and fat body gene expression in honey bees and suggest that chemical communication and social interactions play an important role in altering metabolic pathways.     

The asymmetric scent: ringtailed lemurs (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lemur catta</Emphasis>) have distinct chemical signatures in left and right brachial glands

Distinctive cues are predicted to evolve when the benefits obtained by the recognition process overcome its costs. When individual recognition is particularly beneficial for both senders and receivers, the expression of strongly distinctive signals is predicted to evolve. On the other hand, it could be predicted that each individual should show a very stable individual signature. In the same perspective, a great stability of the individual signatures could be expected. Lemur catta is the first non-human primate in which olfactory individual recognition has been demonstrated on the basis of the specialized brachial gland secretions. In this paper, I performed gas chromatograph analyses of right and left gland samples collected in two different periods (breeding and non-breeding seasons) from seven males. The aim was to verify if a diversification in such cues, already demonstrated at the inter-individual level, also occurs at the intra-individual level between left and right glands. I verified, by discriminant analysis and chemical distance comparisons, that each gland of each lemur has its particular signature that is maintained through time. Moreover, such diversification resulted so marked to make the overall intra-individual chemical differences similar to/as strong as the inter-individual ones. Since in rodents several odors from different glands may be integrated in individual recognition, I suggest that bilateral diversification in L. catta scents may offer an enhanced distinctiveness that could provide benefits in mate choice and social relationships.