液体旋流分离器压力损失的研究

液体旋流分离器是水环境污染治理的主要设备之一。压力损失是衡量液体旋流分离器分离过程能耗大小的重要技术指标,也是选择水泵扬程的依据。当前液体旋流分离器设计过程还缺少具体量化的理论依据。通过液体旋流分离器的性能实验,得出液体旋流分离器各部结构尺寸、形状、相对比例对压力损失的不同影响程度,提出结构参数的最佳取值范围。为液体旋流分离器的设计提供了依据及应遵循的原则。并在实验结果的基础上,归纳汇总出一般常用型液体旋流分离器压力损失的计算公式,该计算公式具有一般性。     

淡水藻类的分离纯化方法探索

以唐山市水源水和终端水为实验材料,对淡水藻类的分离纯化方法进行了探索,大致分为以下九种：培养基筛选法、稀释分离法、平板划线分离法、离心分离法、毛细管分离法、小滴分离法、pH值分离法、温度分离法、抑制剂分离法。同时探索淡水藻类保藏方法。     

Destructing surfactant network in nanoemulsions by positively charged magnetic nanorods to enhance oil-water separation

The separation of ultrafine oil droplets from wasted nanoemulsions stabilized with high concentration of surfactants is precondition for oil reuse and the safe discharge of effluent. However, the double barriers of the interfacial film and network structures formed by surfactants in nanoemulsions significantly impede the oil-water separation. To destroy these surfactant protective layers, we proposed a newly-developed polyethyleneimine micelle template approach to achieve simultaneous surface charge manipulation and morphology transformation of magnetic nanospheres to magnetic nanorods. The results revealed that positively charged magnetic nanospheres exhibited limited separation performance of nanoemulsions, with a maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 50%, whereas magnetic nanorods achieved more than 95% COD removal in less than 30 s. The magnetic nanorods were also applicable to wasted nanoemulsions from different sources and exhibited excellent resistance to wide pH changes. Owing to their unique one-dimensional structure, the interfacial dispersion of magnetic nanorods was significantly promoted, leading to the efficient capture of surfactants and widespread destruction of both the interfacial film and network structure, which facilitated droplet merging into the oil phase. The easy-to-prepare and easy-to-tune strategy in this study paves a feasible avenue to simultaneously tailor surface charge and morphology of magnetic nanoparticles, and reveals the huge potential of morphology manipulation for producing high-performance nanomaterials to be applied in complex interfacial interaction process. We believe that the newly-developed magnetic-nanorods significantly contribute to hazardous oily waste remediation and advances technology evolution toward problematic oil-pollution control.     

Waste separation at home: Are Japanese municipal curbside recycling policies efficient?

Recent studies have predicted that the costs and benefits of curbside recycling programs will vary considerably across municipalities. In this paper, we examine how the characteristics of municipalities are reflected in curbside recycling policies. Our analysis of Japanese municipal data reveals that municipalities implement recycling programs that fit the demographic profiles of their residents. Municipalities with a considerable number of single-recycler households tend to implement simple waste separation programs. The labor market positions of spouses have different impacts on recycling policies. We further find that the municipalities implementing comprehensive recycling programs collect plastic bottles and containers more frequently than do other municipalities. This implies that the municipalities need to take measures to effectively execute comprehensive recycling programs after implementing them.     

汽车涂装废水水质特征分析及处理工艺

涂装是保护和装饰汽车的主要工艺措施,汽车涂装工艺产生的废水具有污染物种类多、成分复杂;水质、水量变化大且排放无规律、可生化性差的特点,实践证明,采取各类水质分别预处理后混合生化处理可有效去除废水中的污染物,排放达到标准要求。     

中酸性土壤无机磷形态及生物有效性

在黄棕壤和棕红壤上施用磷肥,经三年室内湿润条件下培养,用石灰性土壤无机磷分级方法测定各形态磷含量.各形态用增量的分配比例表明,Fe-P居首位,其次为Al-P和O-P.三级Ca-P之和在20％以下.经培养的土壤种植黑麦草,其生物量和吸磷量与各形态磷量的相关系数除Ca10-P外,均达到极显著水准.土壤有效磷与各形态磷的相关性表明,Ca2-P是土壤有效磷的直接给源（r=0.992）,Fe-P、Al-P是有效磷的重要潜在性给源（r分别为0.982和0.914）,O-P、Ca10-P为无效态磷（r=-0.168）.     

喷射诱导气浮用于废水脱油的动力学研究

喷射诱导气浮应用于污水脱油前景广阔。建立了数学模型,进行了单级间歇模拟实验,测定了脱油动力学常数及极限脱油浓度。验证了脱油动力学方程,利用实验结果,得到了用以计算多模型中参数的关联式。所提出的数学模型为建立设计计算和药剂评价方法提供了依据。     

Alternative polymer separation technology by centrifugal force in a melted state

In order to upgrade polymer waste during recycling, separation should take place at high purity. The present research was aimed to develop a novel, alternative separation opportunity, where the polymer fractions were separated by centrifugal force in melted state. The efficiency of the constructed separation equipment was verified by two immiscible plastics (polyethylene terephthalate, PET; low density polyethylene, LDPE), which have a high difference of density, and of which large quantities can also be found in the municipal solid waste. The results show that the developed equipment is suitable not only for separating dry blended mixtures of PET/LDPE into pure components again, but also for separating prefabricated polymer blends. By this process it becomes possible to recover pure polymer substances from multi-component products during the recycling process. The adequacy of results was verified by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement as well as optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy.     

液膜分离技术在工业装置上的应用

采用液膜分离工艺处理含酚、氰农药废水，处理废水量36t／d，通过工业应用实例试运行，效果一直很好。达到了设计要求。     

膜技术对垃圾渗滤液处理的研究

阐述了垃圾渗滤液的现有处理方法,以及膜分离组合处理工艺、其他新型生物组合处理工艺的最新研究进展,并针对膜技术处理的优缺点提出了相应的建议及展望。