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451.
The current generation pattern of e-waste consisted of dead electronic and electrical equipments poses one of the world's greatest pollution problem due to the lack of appropriate recovery technology. Crude recovery methods of resource materials (aluminum, zinc, copper, lead, gold) from e-waste caused serious pollution in China in the past years. Thus, environment-friendly technologies have been the pressing demand in e-waste recovering. Eddy current separation (ECS) was advised as the preferable technology for recovering nonferrous metals from e-waste. However, just a few reports focused on the application of ECS in e-waste recovering. This paper introduced the information about ECS including the models of eddy current force and movement behavior of nonferrous metallic particle in the separation process. Meanwhile, the developing process of eddy current separator was summarized. New industrial applications of ECS in e-waste (waste toner cartridges and refrigerator cabinets) recovering were also presented. Finally, for improving separation rate of ECS in industrial application of e-waste recovering, some suggestions were proposed related to crushing process, separator design, and separator operation. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the effectiveness of ECS technology as practical and available tool for recovering non-ferrous metals from e-waste which is now being ignored. 相似文献
452.
Yongjiao Xiong Baoqiang Wu Xiangfeng Huang Chenlu Li Bin Lu Jia Liu Lijun Lu Shiyang Li Kaiming Peng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(7):173-183
Magnetic particles were coupled with a flocculant to enhance the demulsification and separation of waste cutting emulsions. The optimal magnetic particle size and critical magnetic field conditions were investigated to achieve large-scale engineering application of magnetic demulsification separation for waste cutting emulsion treatment. The micro-scale magnetic particles were found to show comparable effects to nano-scale magnetic particles on enhancing the demulsification and separation of cutting emulsions, which are beneficial for broadening the selectivity of low-cost magnetic particles. The critical magnetic separation region was determined to be an area 40 mm from the magnetic field source. Compared to the flocculant demulsification, the magnetic demulsification separation exhibited a significant advantage in accelerating flocs–water separation by decreasing the separation time of flocs from 180–240 min to less than 15 min, compressing the flocs by reducing the floc volume ratio from 60%–90% to lower than 20%, and showing excellent adaptability to the variable properties of waste cutting emulsions. Coupled with the design of the magnetic disk separator, continuous demulsification separation of the waste cutting emulsion was achieved at 1.0 t/hr for at least 10 hr to obtain clear effluent with 81% chemical oxygen demand removal and 89% turbidity reduction. This study demonstrates the feasibility of applying magnetic demulsification separation to large-scale continuous treatment of waste emulsion. Moreover, it addresses the flocs–water separation problems that occur in practical flocculant demulsification engineering applications. 相似文献
453.
建立了微塑料(Microplastics,MPs)荧光定量分析方法,系统研究了Fe3O4纳米颗粒对水中聚苯乙烯MPs的磁性去除效果.结果表明,MPs浓度在本实验范围内(0.2~10.0mg/L)与荧光强度线性关系良好,相关系数均>0.9990,能准确测定不同粒径(100~1000nm)MPs的浓度.MPs初始浓度与Fe3O4纳米颗粒投加量对MPs去除效果具有影响.增加Fe3O4纳米颗粒的投加量能够有效提升水中MPs的去除率,当Fe3O4投加量为12mg/L时,去除率可达90.8%.在低Fe3O4投加量时,MPs去除率随着MPs初始浓度增加而显著增加,显著性水平为0.015;但在中、高Fe3O4投加量时,初始浓度对去除效果影响很小,显著性水平分别为0.073和0.060.Fe3O4纳米颗粒对MPs的附着过程能够在180min内趋于平衡,整个动力学可通过拟一级或拟二级模型进行拟合. 相似文献
454.
A factor separation technique and an improved regional air quality model (RAQM) were applied to calculate synergistic contributions of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (AVOCs),biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) to daily maximum surface O3(O3DM) concentrations in East Asia in summer (June to August 2000).The summer averaged synergistic impacts of AVOCs and NOx are dominant in most areas of North China,with a maximum of 60 ppbv,while those of BVOCs and NOx are notable only in some limited areas with high BVOC emissions in South China,with a maximum of 25 ppbv.This result implies that BVOCs contribute much less to summer averaged O3DM concentrations than AVOCs in most areas of East Asia at a coarse spatial resolution (1×1) although global emissions of BVOCs are much greater than those of AVOCs.Daily maximum total contributions of BVOCs can approach 20 ppbv in North China,but they can reach 40 ppbv in South China,approaching or exceeding those in some developed countries in Europe and North America.BVOC emissions in such special areas should be considered when O3 control measures are taken.Synergistic contributions among AVOCs,BVOCs and NOx significantly enhance O3 concentrations in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region and decrease them in some areas in South China.Thus,the total contributions of BVOCs to O3DM vary significantly from day to day and from location to location.This result suggests that O3 control measures obtained from episodic studies could be limited for long-term applications. 相似文献
455.
吕雪峰 《辽宁城乡环境科技》2013,(1):56-58,65
针对含油污泥处理现状,分析国内外处理含油污泥方法上存在的问题,提出超声波技术和调质-机械分离技术结合处理含油污泥的新方法。 相似文献
456.
457.
Reyyan Koc Nikolaos K. Kazantzis Yi Hua Ma 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2011,24(6):852-869
The syngas produced by coal gasification processes can be utilized in Pd-based water-gas-shift membrane reactors for the production of pure H2. Pd/alloy composite membrane reactors exhibit comparative advantages over traditional packed bed reactors such as simultaneous reaction/separation in one compact unit and increased reaction yields. Furthermore, the development of comprehensive process intensification strategies could further enhance membrane reactor performance resulting in a substantially smaller and functional, inherently safer, environmentally friendlier and more energy efficient process.A systematic non-isothermal modeling framework under both steady state and dynamic/transient conditions for a catalytic high temperature water-gas shift reaction in a Pd-based membrane reactor has been developed to characterize the dynamic behavior of the process system at various operating conditions from a process safety standpoint. In particular, various reaction conditions as well as key process variables such as feed temperature and flow rate, catalyst loading, driving force for H2 permeation are considered as they are critically related to various safety aspects in the operation of a Pd-based membrane reactor. Within the proposed framework, process parameters and operating conditions which may induce hazards and compromise process safety are identified, analyzed and characterized. Finally, the proposed approach is evaluated through detailed simulation studies in an illustrative case study involving a real Pd-based membrane reactor used for pure hydrogen production and separation that exhibits complex behavior over a wide operating regime. 相似文献
458.
Plastic pollution has been a legacy environment problems and more recently, the plastic particles, especially those ultrafine or small plastics particles, are widely recognized with increasing environmental and ecological impacts. Among small plastics, microplastics are intensively studied, whereas the physicochemical properties, environmental abundance, chemical states, bioavailability and toxicity toward organisms of nanoplastics are inadequately investigated. There are substantial difficulties in separation, visualization and chemical identification of nanoplastics due to their small sizes, relatively low concentrations and interferences from co-existing substances (e.g., dyes or natural organic matters). Moreover, detection of polymers at nanoscale is largely hampered by the detection limit or sensitivity for existing spectral techniques such as Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) or Raman Spectroscopy. This article critically examined the current state of art techniques that are exclusively reported for nanoplastic characterization in environmental samples. Based on their operation principles, potential applications and limitations of these analytical techniques are carefully analyzed. 相似文献
459.
Abdul Halim Lusi Ernawati Maya Ismayati Fahimah Martak Toshiharu Enomae 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(7):94
460.
Shansi Wang Siwei Li Jia Xing Jie Yang Jiaxin Dong Yu Qin Shovan Kumar Sahu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(2):26