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为了确定老虎台矿特厚煤层不同开采阶段"弱-弱"结构覆岩破坏高度,以63005工作面所在区域为研究对象,构建FLAC3D数值计算模型,对研究区域水砂充填开采阶段和综采放顶煤开采阶段覆岩破坏高度进行分析,确定了覆岩破坏高度与采出厚度的关系.分别采用微震监测、EH-4探测法对研究结果进行了验证.结果表明:无论水砂充填开采阶段还是综采放顶煤开采阶段,老虎台矿"弱-弱"结构覆岩最大破坏高度均约为等效采高的8.5倍;63005工作面开采前后,覆岩破裂最大高度与油母页岩和绿色页岩的分界面密切相关,均被控制在分界面之下;覆岩破坏高度受到F18断层的影响,被约束在断层破碎带沿走向范围内;63005工作面开采后,绿色页岩层中F18断层的下盘出现离层破坏,且破坏范围呈逐步扩大的趋势. 相似文献
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The effect of obstacle separation distance on the severity of gas explosions has received little methodical study. It was the aim of this work to investigate the influence of obstacle spacing of up to three flat-bar obstacles. The tests were performed using methane-air (10% by vol.), in an elongated vented cylindrical vessel 162 mm internal diameter with an overall length-to-diameter, L/D, of 27.7. The obstacles had either 2 or 4 flat-bars and presenting 20% blockage ratio to the flow path. The different number of flat-bars for the same blockage achieved a change of the obstacle scale which was also part of this investigation. The first two obstacles were kept at the established optimum spacing and only the spacing between the second and third obstacles was varied. The profiles of maximum flame speed and overpressure with separation distance were shown to agree with the cold flow turbulence profile determined in cold flows by other researchers. However, the present results showed that the maximum effect in explosions is experienced at 80 to 100 obstacle scales about 4 times further downstream than the position of maximum turbulence determined in the cold flow studies. Similar trends were observed for the flames speeds. In both cases the optimum spacing between the second and third obstacles corresponded to the same optimum spacing found for the first two obstacles demonstrating that the optimum separation distance does not change with number of obstacles. In planning the layout of new installations, the worst case separation distance needs to be avoided but incorporated when assessing the risk to existing set-ups. The results clearly demonstrate that high congestion in a given layout does not necessarily imply higher explosion severity as traditionally assumed. Less congested but optimally separated obstructions can lead to higher overpressures. 相似文献
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通过悬浮粒子浸涂法将合成的γ-Al2O3纳米粒子固载于316L多孔不锈钢表面以吸附水溶液中的Cr(VI)和Cd(Ⅱ).扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)测试结果表明,γ相的Al2O3纳米粒子均匀地涂在了316L多孔不锈钢基体上,膜体表面沉积厚度约为20 μm.该膜对单一Cr(VI)和Cd(Ⅱ)吸附的最佳pH分别为3.0~4.0和8.0~9.0,吸附均符合动力学准二级模型和Langmuir吸附等温模型,最大吸附量分别为0.603 mg·g-1和0.399 mg·g-1.本研究可为水体中的高毒性重金属Cr(VI)和Cd(Ⅱ)去除提供一定的理论和技术参考. 相似文献
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In this study,graphene oxide was covalently immobilized on silica-coated magnetite and then modified with 2-phenylethylamine to give a nanocomposite of type Fe_3O_4@SiO_2@GO-PEA that can be applied to the magnetic solid-phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) from water samples.The resulting microspheres(Fe_3O_4@SiO_2@GO-PEA) were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),CHNS elemental analysis,and vibrating sample magnetometry(VSM) techniques.The adsorbent possesses the magnetic properties of Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles that allow them easily to be separated by an external magnetic field.They also have the high specific surface area of graphene oxide which improves adsorption capacity.Desorption conditions,extraction time,amount of adsorbent,salt concentration,and pH were investigated and optimized.Following desorption,the PAHs were quantified by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection(GC-FID).The limits of detection(at an S/N ratio of 3) were achieved from 0.005 to0.1 μg/L with regression coefficients(R~2) higher than 0.9954.The relative standard deviations(RSDs) were below 5.8%(intraday) and 6.2%(inter-day),respectively.The method was successfully applied to the analysis of PAHs in environmental water samples where it showed recoveries in the range between 71.7%and 106.7%(with RSDs of 1.6%to 8.4%,for n = 3).The results indicated that the Fe_3O_4@SiO_2@GO-PEA microspheres had a great promise to extraction of PAHs from different water samples. 相似文献
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ATC废液具有高COD、高含盐量,以及生物降解的特点。本文分析了ATC废液的水质特点,介绍了酸忻,氧化,混凝等几种处理ATC废液的物化单元技术,并据此总结出一条对ATC废液进行物化预处理的优选路线。 相似文献