微污染饮用水生物过滤影响因素的研究

通过试验探讨了过滤介质、空床接触时间、水温和反冲洗方式对生物过滤去除有机物的影响。试验结果表明 :活性炭、石英砂组成的双层滤料生物滤池对高锰酸盐指数、UV2 5 4的去除效果比无烟煤、石英砂组成的双层滤料滤池和单层石英砂滤料滤池好 ;在一定的范围内 ,随着接触时间或水温的增加 ,各滤柱对高锰酸盐指数的去除率增加 ;加氯水反冲洗方式对生物滤池去除高锰酸盐指数、UV2 5 4的影响比未加氯水反冲洗方式大     

造纸漂白废水中有机氯化物处理技术

在调研国内外文献资料的基础上，对有关制浆造纸漂白废水污染控制技术研究现状从物化法，化学法，生化法等方面进行了综述，对系统开发研究高效，经济，节能的漂白废水处理工艺有重要的参考作用。     

大气痕量挥发性有机物碳同位素分析研究进展

对于大气痕量挥发性有机物的研究,浓度测量方法在满足科学研究的要求方面尚有欠缺,相比之下,同位素测量方法具有测量精度高、对源解析准确和测量误差小的特点且发展迅速,该方法在大气痕量挥发性有机物的研究中所起到的作用日益显著;但由于同位素测量技术对大气样品质量的要求很高,故目前该方法在大气环境科学的研究领域中还不能普及,今后随...     

气相色谱法测定苯酚生产废水中芳香族化合物

建立了用气相色谱法同时测定苯酚生产废水中异丙苯、α-甲基苯乙烯、α-甲基苯甲醇、2-苯基-2-丙醇、苯酚、苯乙酮、2-苯基丙醛等7种芳香族有毒有机污染物的定量分析方法。采用二氯甲烷对水样进行萃取后进行分析测定,气相色谱条件:DB-WAX型色谱柱,FID检测器,程序升温,进样量1μL。方法的检出限、精密度、回收率实验表明,该方法对苯酚生产废水中各污染物组分具有较好的分离效果,对7种物质的检测限均低于0.05 mg/L,5次测定的相对标准偏差小于5%,实际水样的加标回收率大于97%。     

难降解有机污染物的处理技术

概述了难降解有机物的定义，种类，危害及评价方法，同时，简要介绍了当前有关难降解有机物降解的处理技术。     

难降解有机污染物共降解机理解析

应用构建于关键酶的细胞２个层次的共降解数学模型，对高生物量和低生物量２种情况下难降解有机物（三氯乙烯）的共降解进行了模拟分析。结果表明，第一营养基质的诱导作用决定着共降解微生物细胞内关键酶的浓度，但是，由于竞争关系，过高的营养基质浓度反而导致共降争速率的下降，适当投加能量基质能够提高共降解过程速率，但是过量投加能量基质可能不利于长期维持微生物的活性。在共降解过程中，微生物能够通过自我恢复作用，对抗     

Heterogeneity of chlorinated hydrocarbon sorption properties in a sandy aquifer

Hydraulic conductivity and sorption coefficients for chlorinated hydrocarbons (chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and tetrachloroethylene) were evaluated for 216 sediment samples collected across a 15 m transect and a 21 m depth interval in a contaminated aquifer near Schoolcraft, Michigan. Relationships between hydraulic conductivity, linear sorption partition coefficients, grain size classes, and spatial location were investigated using linear regression analysis and geostatistical techniques. Clear evidence of layering was found in sorption properties, hydraulic conductivity and grain sizes. Conductivity correlated well with grain size, as expected, but sorption varied inversely with grain size, contrary to some previous reports. No significant correlation was found between sorption properties and hydraulic conductivity. This is likely due to the unexpected presence of small amounts of highly sorptive coal-like solids, which dominate the sorption behavior but have little effect on conductivity. The results demonstrate that recent findings regarding the high sorption capacity of coal materials found in soils can exert a controlling influence on contaminant transport. Designers of in situ remediation systems should be cautioned that 1) it is not reasonable to assume that sorption capacity and hydraulic conductivity are related, 2) sorption capacity and hydraulic conductivity are critical measurements for contaminant site characterization and subsequent transport modeling, 3) estimating sorption capacity from organic carbon measurement may lead to greater errors than performing sorption isotherms, and 4) it is more important to characterize vertical heterogeneity rather than horizontal heterogeneity because both sorption and hydraulic conductivity are correlated across longer distances in the horizontal plane.     

The chemical and biogenotoxic characterization of organic xenobiotics in aquatic sediment materials 1. The application and comparison of chemically non-specific and biogenotoxic methods

The aim of this work was to evaluate the Ames assay and mixed function oxidase (MFO)-Induct Test used in parallel with chemical group tests (ECD fingerprint and PAH estimation) for the characterization of the organic pollution of water sediment materials. Sediment materials were collected from “clean” and relatively heavily polluted locations in the Middle Adriatic Sea, and from some locations in continental Croatia polluted with wastewaters from different enterprises. Characterization of the organic extracts of the sediment materials investigated was performed chemically using UV spectrofluorometry for the determination polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and gas chromatography for the determination of volatile EC detector sensitive materials. Genotoxic analysis of the extracts was performed using the MFO-Induct Test and mutagenicity testing using the Standard Plate Incorporation Test as described by Maron and Ames with Salmonella typhimurium TA 98. Measurement of the BaPMO enzyme activity in the livers of carp treated i.p. with total extracts of the sediment investigated confirmed that the methanol extracts generally contained more inducing matter than the petroleum ether extracts. Ames assay showed that for all the samples following the elimination of the sulfur, there was an increase in the number of revertants in comparison to the control number, which indicates that the samples contained mutagenic substances. The larger doses of extracts generally demonstrated cytotoxicity, as evidenced by a reduced number of spontaneous revertants in the Salmonella/Microsome Test. Investigation of the correlation of the chemical parameters with the biological parameter showed that the induction of BaPMO exhibited a statistically significant correlation with the level of the ECD fingerprint of the petroleum ether sediment extract.     

SBR工艺处理高含盐生活污水的研究

针对海水利用产生的高含盐生活污水,试验采SBR工艺分别研究了不同海水比例的污水中低浓度和中浓度有机物的降解和去除规律、污泥沉降性能以及温度对含20%海水的污水中有机物降解速率的影响.试验结果表明,在高盐污水的生物处理系统中,污泥的驯化是关键的一步.海水盐度降低了有机物的降解速率和去除率,但两种浓度污水的出水CODcr浓度均在30～70mg/L之间,远远低于国家污水综合排放二级标准(GB8978-1996).海水盐度使污泥体积指数降低,污泥沉降速度加快.污水处理有机物的适宜温度是20℃左右.     

非常规天然气采出水处理现状及建议

介绍了非常规天然气采出水水质特点与回用要求,分析了预处理、二级处理、脱盐处理等单元的技术研究进展与潜在问题。分析认为:非常规天然气采出水水质复杂,呈现高COD、高TDS、高硬度、高氯化物等水质特征;针对有机物脱除难题,需进一步开发耐盐催化氧化技术、耐盐生化技术和高效抗污染膜浓缩新工艺;脱盐处理等单元应通过高级氧化工艺进一步降低有机物含量,促进浓缩结晶系统的稳定运行和结晶盐的资源化。