生化法处理煤气废水

采用Ａ／Ｏ工艺处理煤气废水的研究结果表明,该工艺能同时去除煤气废水中的有机物和氨氮,在试验确定的条件下,该工艺对煤气废水中的ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率达９１．０％,ＢＯＤ５去除率达９９．１％,ＮＨ３－Ｎ去除率达９９．２％,ＴＮ去除率达９４．７％。     

选煤脱除氟、砷的研究

研究了采自西南3省、1市17个选煤厂的原煤和洗精煤样品,分析了灰分、氟和砷含量,探讨了选煤脱除氟、砷的机理和影响因素。结果表明,选煤能有效降低煤中氟、砷的含量,应用前景广阔。     

切圆燃烧煤粉炉的空气分级燃烧改造

阐述了分级燃烧抑制NOx形成的基本原理,介绍了切圆燃烧煤粉炉的空气分级燃烧改造的基本特点,考察了轴向和径向空气分级、炉内空气浓度等因素对NOx排放量的影响;控制适当条件,使脱氮效率达到30％－50％,对煤粉炉的空气分级燃烧改造进行了费用效益分析。     

超积累植物与煤在混烧过程中重金属的迁移特性

通过在管式炉中进行了煤与超积累植物——伴矿景天的混烧实验,主要研究了不同燃烧温度、不同氮氧比气氛以及煤与伴矿景天的不同混合质量比对混烧过程中重金属(Cd、Zn与Pb)迁移情况的影响,并应用XRD技术分析灰渣中重金属的存在形式。实验分析表明:升高温度能在不同程度上增强Cd、Zn与Pb的挥发,提高其在飞灰中的含量;与单独燃烧伴矿景天相比,煤与伴矿景天混烧更有利于Cd和Zn保留在底渣中,但不利于Pb保留在底渣中;对于不同氮氧比气氛而言,Zn和Cd在底渣中的含量随着气氛中氧气含量的提高而升高,而气氛对Pb的影响是随着氧气含量的增加,Pb在底渣的含量是先增加后减少;当煤在混烧中的比例较高时,Cd更多向飞灰迁移,Pb和Zn则更多地残留于底渣。     

吸附浓缩-催化燃烧工艺处理低浓度大风量有机废气

对已运行的有机废气治理工程运行情况的进行分析研究,并对采用吸附浓缩-催化燃烧工艺处理低浓度大风量的有机废气工程中的各项数据进行监测,得出其最佳条件为:吸附时间18 h,空床气速0.8 m/s,吸附容量1.9%;解吸温度100~120℃,解吸时间4 h。该工程实例的监测结果表明,催化燃烧的TVOC去除效率保持在99%以上,同时,该工艺对废气中甲苯、二甲苯和TVOC的总去除率分别能达到98.3%、99.6%和97.7%。     

不干胶废弃物热解与燃烧动力学特性

采用热重分析方法对不干胶废弃物(PSAs)进行了热解和燃烧失重分析,并采用Doyle法拟合计算了PSAs热解和燃烧动力学参数。结果表明:当温度低于200℃或高于600℃,PSAs的热解和燃烧失重过程具有性;300~600℃时,PSAs热解过程具有3个失重峰,而其燃烧过程具有2个失重峰。动力学分析结果表明:PSAs的热解是由多阶段复杂的热裂解反应组成,其热解过程可用4个一级反应来描述,随着升温速率的提高热解阶段第1峰区表观活化能降低;而第2、3峰区以及半焦深度裂解阶段的第4峰区活化能逐渐升高;PSAs燃烧过程可用3个一级反应来描述,随着升温速率的提高,PSAs燃烧过程的表观活化能均逐渐降低,并且燃烧表观活化能均低于热解表观活化能。     

Wood-Specific Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Patterns in Soot Using Gas Chromatography-Atmospheric Pressure Laser Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (GC-APLI-MS)

If organic matter is burnt, the combustion of wood produces the highest amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) compared with other fossil energy sources such as oil, coal, or gas. Emissions from wood combustion are increasingly of special interest due to the rising use of wood as a renewable energy source in residential heating in Europe. To the authors' knowledge, reproducible wood-specific PAH patterns in soot were identified for the first time by use of a sampling interval of only 5 min in this study. The short sampling interval was enabled by the very sensitive analytical method of gas chromatography–atmospheric pressure laser ionization–mass spectrometry (GC-APLI-MS) applied. The analysis of 40 PAH of soot from wood logs of spruce, pine, larch (softwood) and beech, birch, oak (hardwood), and wood pellets, as well as wood briquettes, showed 13.46–250.62 mg/kg for ∑40 PAH and 10.75–177.94 mg/kg for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency PAH standard (without acenaphthylene and anthracene). Highest concentrations occurred in the samples from birch with bark, beech, and wood briquettes. Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, naphthalene, and alkylated naphthalenes were also detected. Significant concentrations of the very toxic dibenzopyrenes (up to 11.30 mg/kg) are reported. Softwood soot contained highest amounts of 2–4-ring PAH, followed by hardwood which is in accordance with the presence of highest amounts of abietic acid in softwood, a known precursor of retene and phenanthrene. PAH in soot from five spruce samples from different locations show a mean ∑40 PAH concentration of 13.46 mg/kg (n = 5, minimum 8.03, maximum 23.32 mg/kg, SD = 5.65) and exhibited a typical pattern that differed from all other wood soot samples. The distributions of alkylated naphthalenes of the spruce samples show a bell-shape distribution in contrast to the alkylated phenanthrenes/anthracenes of all samples (except the wood pellets), showing a slope distribution. The data indicate that wood-specific PAH patterns exist and under the applied conditions, spruce logs produced the least toxic soot.     

Investigation of the propensity of sulfide concentrates to spontaneous combustion in storage

Spontaneous combustion of sulfide concentrates can cause many serious problems during storage. In this study, two representative samples (sulfur-rich sulfide concentrate and iron-rich sulfide concentrate) were investigated for the self-heating behavior using the crossing-point temperature (CPT) method. The corresponding apparent activation energies were determined, 13.7366 kJ/mol for iron-rich sulfide concentrate and 21.3817 kJ/mol for sulfur-rich sulfide concentrate. Furthermore, the surface temperatures of sulfide concentrate stockpiles in different seasons were also measured by a thermal image apparatus. It was found the temperature for iron-rich sulfide concentrate stockpile was higher than that for rich-sulfur sulfide concentrate stockpile. These research results show iron-rich sulfide concentrate exhibits stronger propensity to spontaneous combustion than sulfur-rich sulfide concentrate. Particular attention should be paid to the fire hazard of iron-rich sulfide concentrate in daily safety check work. The combination of the CPT method with the infrared thermal image measurement provides a new approach for the risk assessment on the propensity of sulfide concentrates to spontaneous combustion during the production, storage and transportation. The useful data and experience achieved in this investigation can be also referenced in similar cases later.     

污泥掺烧技术在煤粉炉上应用的试验研究

通过污泥掺烧技术在煤粉炉上的应用试验,得出污泥的含水率对锅炉制粉系统的影响.掺烧前后对炉膛温度没有大的影响,随着污泥比例的增加,燃烧效率下降,烟尘浓度和SO2浓度降低.     

催化燃烧处理有机废气及催化剂中毒的防止

研究了在Ｐｔ、Ｐｄ、Ｃｅ多组分蜂窝状催化剂上乙醇、环己烷和苯的氧化性能及水蒸气对催化剂活性的影响,探讨了如何防止硫化氢和甲硫醇引起的催化剂中毒。