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561.
The Effect of Incremental Reserve Design and Changing Reservation Goals on the Long-Term Efficiency of Reserve Systems 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Abstract: Selecting reserve areas based on percentages, such as 10% or 12% of a bioregion, is common in conservation planning despite widespread admission that such percentages are arbitrary and likely to be inadequate for the conservation of all biodiversity. Reserve systems based on these relatively low percentage targets are likely to require expansion in the future, resulting in the assembly of reserve systems over many years (incremental reserve design). How then will incremental reserve design, such as increasing percentage targets over time, affect the long-term efficiency of marine reserve systems? We used South Australia as a case study to investigate how changing percentage targets affects the contribution of individual planning units to efficient reserve design. Selection frequency counts provided a measure of a planning unit's conservation value. For the majority of planning units, changing targets led to a change in their conservation value indicating, for example, that planning units identified as high-value sites at a low-percentage conservation target may be of lesser importance when targets are increased. Despite the variability in the value of individual planning units at different targets, there was no loss in efficiency from incremental design of reserve systems based on systematic methods compared with purpose-built reserve systems (i.e., the system is assembled in a single iteration). The exception was when incrementally designed systems were based on South Australia's existing marine reserve system—a system developed in an ad hoc method. The result was reserve systems that were less efficient, less compact, and larger in size. This suggests that systematic approaches have an important role for efficient reserve design when there is uncertainty about the target level of reservation . 相似文献
562.
广西大明山自然保护区两栖动物资源调查报告 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2000年9月11日至26日,在广西省大明山自然保护区共采集鉴定两栖类动物66只(种),共计9种,隶属1目,4科.结合以往的调查资料,目前已知大明山自然保护区有两栖动物动物22种,隶属1目,5科,9属.保护区内的两栖类多样性系数(H′)为1.21028,均匀度指数(J)为0.58202. 相似文献
563.
Coastal zones in Portugal, as interface areas between land and sea, have problems related to the growing human pressure in
terms of changes in land use associated with urban and industrial occupation, new accessibility (ports, motorways) and traffic
flows, intensification of recreational use (beaches, water sports) and excessive fishing. Impacts include deterioration of
water quality and sediments; alteration and degradation of natural habitats; new hydrodynamic situations; major landscape
changes: and rapid changes in habits and way of life of the local populations and increased exposure of populations and assets
to natural and induced risks (storms, accidents, spills, explosions).
Plans for the Management of the Coastal Zone (POOC) have been developed and seven of them have been approved, while two similar
plans are at a final stage of preparation. Together they cover the entire coast of Portugal. Their implementation and assessment
could be a first step towards an integrated management of the Portuguese coastal zones. River Basin Management Plans (PBH)
have been concluded and recently approved for the whole country. However, these plans do not consider estuarine systems and
some other issues related to coastal systems. The National Water Plan (PNA) is under public presentation and discussion. Several
‘key messages’ are presented in this paper as a contribution for assessment of the proposals of this plan on issues related
with coastal waters. 相似文献
564.
Although set-up costs are prevalent and substantial in natural resource extraction, it is known that a Walrasian competitive equilibrium cannot exist in simple extraction models with set-up costs. This paper demonstrates that this result is sensitive to the assumption of unlimited extraction capacity and derives sufficient conditions for existence. An equilibrium exists if extraction is limited such that each firm earns sufficient surplus to cover its set-up costs or if firms choose extraction capacity subject to non-increasing returns. The resulting competitive equilibrium price either grows at the rate of interest when total extraction is below industry capacity or is constant when industry capacity is fully utilized. In the equilibrium, identical deposits are opened simultaneously, and set-up costs for new deposits are incurred when the industry has excess capacity rather than when capacity is fully utilized. 相似文献
565.
海洋病毒--一种新的、潜力巨大的赤潮防治工具 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
概述了海洋病毒尤其是藻类病毒(包括原核藻类病毒和真核藻类病毒)的研究进展,以及赤潮发生的新态势和目前赤潮防治方法的不足,评析了海洋病毒与赤潮生物的关系,介绍了藻类病毒在赤潮控制方面所取得的一些成果,强调了海洋病毒在生态环境中的重要作用,提出了利用病毒防治赤潮的可能性及有效性,展望了以病毒调控赤潮的前景.参54 相似文献
566.
导游人力资源的现状分析与对策 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
邹伏霞 《湖南环境生物职业技术学院学报》2004,10(4):352-355
随着导游职业的社会化,导游数量急剧上升,但导游质量却是年年下降,本文就目前我国导游人力资源的学历、等级等现状为主,分析其现状和所存在的问题,并提出相应的对策与建议。 相似文献
567.
嗜盐光合细菌的分离鉴定及其营养成分分析 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
从大连海岸的海泥中分离到 4株海洋光合细菌 :菌株C4 10、菌株DS2、菌株E3 和E4,它们都能在厌氧光照下营光异养生长 ,菌株C4 10还能够利用还原性硫化物营光自养生长 .依菌对NaCl的需求 ,菌株C4 10、DS2归属于嗜盐光合细菌 ,菌株E3 和E4属于耐盐光合细菌 .根据形态和培养特征、生理生化特征、光合作用内膜结构、泛醌组成、(G +C)的摩尔百分比等指标 ,菌株C4 10鉴定为Rhodovulumsulfidophilus (嗜硫小红卵菌 )、菌株DS2鉴定为Rhodobiummarinum (海红菌 )、菌株E3 和E4鉴定为Rhodobacterazotoformans.4株菌的营养成分分析表明 ,它们的细胞的最大生长量为 4× 10 9mL-1.粗蛋白含量占细胞干重的 5 5 %左右 ,菌株DS2高达 6 4 .2 % .4菌株所含氨基酸种类齐全 ,特别具备人和动物所必需的氨基酸 .4株菌均含有辅酶Q10和类胡萝卜素 .其中菌株C4 10的类葫萝卜素含量最高 .图 1表 6参 14 相似文献
568.
近年来随着臭氧损失现象日益严重,到达地球表面的紫外线B辐射不断加强,海洋生态系统受到了前所未有的威胁。UV-B的增强改变了生物体赖以生存的水体环境,影响了浮游植物对营养盐的吸收同化,抑制了浮游植物的光合作用,从而减少了海洋对CO2的吸收能力,其结果直接增加了温室效应。同时UV-B也直接影响生态系统食物链的各个营养级,伤害海洋病毒、细菌和浮游植物,降低浮游动物和仔稚鱼的成活率,进而影响到整个海洋生态系统的结构和功能。 相似文献
569.
Sequential development and exploitation of an exhaustible resource: do monopoly rights promote conservation? 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Carolyn Fischer Ramanan Laxminarayan 《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》2005,49(3):500-515
This paper explores the problem of sequential exploitation of exhaustible resources by a monopolist, when a setup cost must be incurred to access the next pool. Under certain circumstances, the monopolist will always follow a more conservationist path of extraction and delay the introduction of new resource pools compared to a social planner. However, with other forms of consumer demand, the monopolist may exhaust the resource more quickly, especially if many new options will follow. These results may apply especially to depletable resources like antibiotics or biotech products, for which significant research and development costs are required, followed by monopoly rights conferred by patents. 相似文献
570.