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32.
重庆市主城区生活垃圾现状调查与分析 总被引:22,自引:1,他引:22
通过对重庆主城区生活垃圾的分类调查以及成分和理化性质的分析,认为重庆市城市垃圾主要来源于居民家庭和各种商业活动。垃圾湿度和容重高于全国平均水平,热值基本满足垃圾焚烧处理要求。元素分析显示垃圾中总氮和总碳含量较高,适合进行堆肥处理。 相似文献
33.
Singh KP Singh VK Malik A Sharma N Murthy RC Kumar R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,131(1-3):237-254
Rain water samples were collected to study the chemical composition of wet atmospheric precipitation (first event) over the
Lucknow city in the northern Indo-gangetic alluvial plains. The samples were collected in the month of July, 2005 from different
sites. The wet precipitation samples were analyzed for pH, EC, major ions (, Cl−, , , , F−, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, ) and heavy metals (As, Cd, Al, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Hg, Pb, Se, Sn, Ti, V, Zn). The pH values of wet precipitation
samples ranged between 6.5 and 8.7. The analysis of linear regression applied to the set of studied variables and computation
of neutralization factors showed that neutralization occurred in precipitation samples and Ca2+ had the maximum neutralization capacity. It was found that Cl−, , Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+ in the precipitation samples originated mainly from crustal/anthropogenic sources in the region. On an average Fe, and Al
accounted for >72% of the total concentration of trace metals in the wet precipitation samples followed by Zn (>10%). Enrichment
factors calculated for heavy metals over reference background level in seawater and Earth’s crust showed relatively higher
enrichment of Zn. The principal component analysis (PCA) identified the possible sources of ionic species and heavy metals
in the wet precipitation samples. 相似文献
34.
A. Gallardo M. Carlos M. Peris F.J. Colomer 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(11):1920-1931
The municipal solid waste (MSW) management is an important task that local governments as well as private companies must take into account to protect human health, the environment and to preserve natural resources. To design an adequate MSW management plan the first step consist in defining the waste generation and composition patterns of the town. As these patterns depend on several socio-economic factors it is advisable to organize them previously. Moreover, the waste generation and composition patterns may vary around the town and over the time. Generally, the data are not homogeneous around the city as the number of inhabitants is not constant nor it is the economic activity. Therefore, if all the information is showed in thematic maps, the final waste management decisions can be made more efficiently. The main aim of this paper is to present a structured methodology that allows local authorities or private companies who deal with MSW to design its own MSW management plan depending on the available data. According to these data, this paper proposes two ways of action: a direct way when detailed data are available and an indirect way when there is a lack of data and it is necessary to take into account bibliographic data. In any case, the amount of information needed is considerable. This paper combines the planning methodology with the Geographic Information Systems to present the final results in thematic maps that make easier to interpret them. The proposed methodology is a previous useful tool to organize the MSW collection routes including the selective collection. To verify the methodology it has been successfully applied to a Spanish town. 相似文献
35.
Significant quantities of wastes are generated as the waste materials or byproducts every day from stainless steel processes. According to the origins and characteristics, the stainless steel wastes can be mainly classified into two categories, slags and dusts. They usually contained considerable quantities of valuable metals and materials. This paper summarized and analyzed the generation, composition, characteristics and the leaching behaviors of the most of wastes obtained from the stainless steel processes. On this basis, a review of several methods for treating the various stainless steel wastes was made. It is very essential not only for recycling the valuable metals and mineral resources but also for protecting the environment. 相似文献
36.
Human urine as a source of alternative natural fertilizer in agriculture: A flight of fancy or an achievable reality 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Organically agricultural products are gaining popularities through out the world as it gives the consumer satisfaction with a basket of safer and better trusted foods. It is also well established that intensive conventional agricultural practices can introduce contaminants into the food chain with adverse affect on environment. However, organic agricultural practices give an alternative environmental friendly sustainable agriculture among the farmers. Beside this fact, organic crops contain fewer nitrates, nitrites, pesticide residues and trace elements than conventional crops. Even though, in organic systems generally have 20% lower yields than conventionally produced crops. One of the major constrains of organic farming is decrease of raw organic matters to prepare compost. Therefore, scientists are looking forward for different organic sources which are plenty in nature and available at little-to-no cost. Human urine is one of them, and has been gaining popularities as a raw material for organic cultivation. However, several important merits and demerits of application of human urine are needed to be addressed in agriculture. 相似文献
37.
For the investigation of vapour explosions, droplet impingement experiments were performed with the binary system Pb–Sn and the pseudo-binary system PbS–Cu2S. The experiments were performed with a melt at 600 °C (Pb–Sn) or 700 °C (PbS–Cu2S) and a water bath at ambient temperature and pressure. A hydrophone and a high-speed camera were used to study the interaction and from this data, the explosion probability and intensity were determined.The explosion probability had a single minimum around 70 wt% Sn, close to the eutectic composition. Moreover, the explosion probability increased approximately linearly with changing composition towards the pure melts, and was similar for pure tin and pure lead. On the other hand, the explosion intensity was comparable for tin and the eutectic alloy while clearly lower for lead. Almost all intermediate alloys had a reduced explosion intensity.Based on the variation in composition, the effects of the liquidus or solidus temperature and the liquidus-solidus gap on the explosion behaviour were also investigated. The explosion probability in both systems increased with increasing liquidus temperature. Also, the maximum explosion intensity in the Pb–Sn system increased with increasing liquidus temperature. Both could be related to easier triggering due to (partial) solidification. On the other hand, the explosion intensity was found to decrease with increasing gap between liquidus and solidus temperature, as was also found in literature. No significant trends for the explosion intensity were found for experiments with PbS–Cu2S. 相似文献
38.
Solid phase high explosive (HE) residues from munitions detonation may be a persistent source of soil and groundwater contamination at military training ranges. Saturated soil column tests were conducted to observe the dissolution behavior of individual components (RDX, HMX, and TNT) from two HE formulations (Comp B and C4). HE particles dissolved readily, with higher velocities yielding higher dissolution rates, higher mass transfer coefficients, and lower effluent concentrations. Effluent concentrations were below solubility limits for all components at superficial velocities of 10-50 cm day(-1). Under continuous flow at 50 cm day(-1), RDX dissolution rates from Comp B and C4 were 34.6 and 97.6 microg h(-1) cm(-2) (based on initial RDX surface area), respectively, significantly lower than previously reported dissolution rates. Cycling between flow and no-flow conditions had a small effect on the dissolution rates and effluent concentrations; however, TNT dissolution from Comp B was enhanced under intermittent-flow conditions. A model that includes advection, dispersion, and film transfer resistance was developed to estimate the steady-state effluent concentrations. 相似文献
39.
WASP—5系统及其述评 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:13
WASP5(The water quality analysis simulation program-5,水质分析模拟程序5),是EPA推荐使用的水质模型软件。该文介绍了WASP5的组成、功能、原理、应用步骤、适用范围、输入输出,并对其优缺点进行了评论,最后还介绍了WASP5在浦西河网水质模拟中的应用。 相似文献
40.