连云港黑碳气溶胶污染特征研究

采用2016年大气多参数站监测数据,分析连云港市大气中ρ(黑碳气溶胶)的小时及月度变化规律,结果表明,观测期间,黑碳气溶胶与NO_2、CO、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)显著相关,与风速、能见度等呈负相关;黑碳气溶胶年均值为2.10μg/m~3,日变化呈明显双峰型,峰值出现在08:00和21:00左右;从季节看,ρ(黑碳气溶胶)冬春季高、夏秋季低;在不利气象条件时,ρ(黑碳气溶胶)有所增高,通过模型分析化石燃料燃烧产生的黑碳占比增大,说明在不利气象条件时,化石燃料燃烧产生的黑碳是影响ρ(黑碳气溶胶)及ρ(颗粒物)上升的主要因素。     

城镇污水处理厂TOC与COD相关性分析及应用

通过在线TOC水质自动分析仪方法与实验室COD方法比对,建立TOC-COD一元线性回归方程,且将其应用到上海市44家污水处理厂出水中TOC与COD值的转换,并在污水处理厂进行在线TOC水质自动分析仪及在线COD水质自动分析仪监测值比对实验。结果表明,TOC-COD一元线性回归方程相关系数r为 0.963,废水中TOC与COD值线性显著相关,通过上述回归方程将在线TOC水质自动分析仪监测值转化COD监测值与在线COD水质自动仪监测值进行相对误差比较,88.4％的数据满足《水污染源在线监测系统安装技术规范（试行）》（HJ/T 355－2007）规范要求;用上述转换方程换算上海市44家污水处理厂TOC值得到的COD值与实验室COD值进行误差计算, 87.3%的数据满足上述规范要求,验证了在线TOC值转换COD值在污水行业的适用性。     

Analysis of acidic components, heavy metals and PAHS of particulate in the Changwon–Masan area of Korea

This study is an analysis of the concentrations and components of heavy metals in PM_2.5 and the total suspended particulate (TSP) collected at a mechanical industrial complex (IC) site in Changwon and at a residential site in Masan, Korea. Particulate was collected during two sampling periods, from the late summer to the early fall and from the middle to late fall, at the IC site and one sampling period, from the middle fall to the early winter, at the residential site. PM_2.5 and TSP samples were taken by an annular denuder system and a hi-volume air sampler, respectively. The authors also identified the concentrations and components of heavy metals extracted from the PM_2.5 and TSP filters, the acidic components extracted from the PM_2.5 filters, and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) extracted from polyurethane foam (PUF) plug. The average concentrations of the PM_2.5 collected at the IC and residential sites were very similar. Major sources of PM_2.5 at the study sites, however, were air emissions from vehicles and industry as well as emissions from residential heating and soil origins, respectively. The higher concentrations of the TSP at the IC site, as compared to those at the residential site, were due to either increased suspended dust from vehicle emissions or re-suspended road dust because of increased vehicle speeds near the IC site. Heavy metal concentrations in the TSPs were higher than those in the PM_2.5. The heavy metal concentrations in the PM_2.5 and TSP at the IC site with heavy traffic were substantially greater than those at the residential site. The concentrations of TSP and heavy metals and PAHs in PM during the period of the middle to late fall was much higher than those during the period of the late summer to early fall at the IC site. This is because of the difference in meteorological characteristics and energy uses between two periods. The residential site also showed higher concentrations of acidic anions while the IC site showed higher concentrations of acidic cation. Secondary aerosols or particulates, such as ammonium nitrate or ammonium nitrite, might have been important constituents of the PM_2.5 at the residential site. The PAHs in the TSP collected at the IC site was greatly affected by traffic and industry emissions consisting mostly of high molecular weight PAHs with two to four rings. PAHs in the TSP at the site, however, were affected by residential heating and air emissions from small chemical plants having higher concentrations of low molecular weight PAHs with five to six rings.     

被动采样监测环境空气中SO2和NO2

用自主研制的采样管开展环境空气中SO2和NO2的被动采样监测.结果表明,被动采样监测结果与自动监测结果高度相关,经回归方程修正后,两者的结果没有显著性差异,被动采样的采样和分析产生的误差得以消除.     

Statistical Methods and Pitfalls in Environmental Data Analysis

This paper reviews four commonly used statistical methods for environmental data analysis and discusses potential pitfalls associated with application of these methods through real case study data. The four statistical methods are percentile and confidence interval, correlation coefficient, regression analysis, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The potential pitfall for estimation of percentile and confidence interval includes the automatic assumption of a normal distribution to environmental data, which so often show a log-normal distribution. The potential pitfall for correlation coefficient includes the use of a wide range of data points in which the maximum in value may trivialize other smaller data points and consequently skew the correlation coefficient. The potential pitfall for regression analysis includes the propagation of uncertainties of input variables to the regression model prediction, which may be even more uncertain. The potential pitfall for ANOVA includes the acceptance of a hypothesis as a weak argument to imply a strong conclusion. As demonstrated in this paper, we may draw very different conclusions based on statistical analysis if the pitfalls are not identified. Reminder and enlightenment obtained from the pitfalls are given at the end of this article.     

Leaf metabolic influence of glyphosate and nanotubes on the Arabidopsis thaliana phyllosphere

Chemical exposure can indirectly affect leaf microbiota communities, but the mechanism driving this phenomenon remains largely unknown. Results revealed that the co-exposure of glyphosate and multi-carbon nanotubes (CNTs) caused a synergistic inhibitory effect on the growth and metabolism of Arabidopsis thaliana shoots. However, only a slight inhibitory effect was induced by nanotubes or glyphosate alone at the tested concentrations. Several intermediate metabolites of nitrogen metabolism and fatty acid synthesis pathways were upregulated under the combined treatment, which increased the amount of energy required to alleviate the disruption caused by the combined treatment. Additionally, compared with the two individual treatments, the glyphosate/nanotube combination treatment induced greater fluctuations in the phyllosphere bacterial community members with low abundance (relative abundance (RA) <1%) at both the family and genus levels, and among these bacteria some plant growth promotion and nutrient supplement related bacteria were markable increased. Strikingly, strong correlations between phyllosphere bacterial diversity and metabolites suggested a potential role of leaf metabolism, particularly nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism, in restricting the range of leaf microbial taxa. These correlations between phyllosphere bacterial diversity and leaf metabolism will improve our understanding of plant-microbe interactions and the extent of their drivers of variation and the underlying causes of variability in bacterial community composition.     

污染因子相关分析判定地下水污染源

把相关分析用于地下水污染源的判定,在安阳市劳教所一带地下水污染事故中成功地判定了污染源     

生活垃圾转运站恶臭污染指标初探

报道了广州部分垃圾转运站恶臭指标的检测结果.发现国家标准(GB14554-1993)中的单项污染物指标的测定值大多远低于标准限值,而综合指标臭气浓度普遍超标,两类指标间存在严重不符.利用SAS统计软件综合分析各指标的检测数据,结果表明,垃圾转运站臭气中恶臭指标的含量存在较大的变异,且在垃圾站内的变异程度更大;恶臭单项指标在垃圾站内和垃圾站边界点的测定均值问无显著差异;臭气浓度和恶臭单项指标整体间可能存在一定的线性关系,但和某个具体的恶臭指标的线性相关性并不显著.     

深圳市大气能见度特征分析及其与主要污染物因子相关性分析

近些年,随着深圳市大气污染防治举措的加强,空气质量不断趋好。文章汇总了深圳市2006～2009年大气能见度特征数据,分析了深圳市能见度的年度、季度和月度变化,发现近些年深圳市大气能见度具有向好的发展趋势。探讨了大气能见度与空气主要污染物PM10、NO2、SO2的相关关系,计算了PEARSON相关系数和偏相关系数,发现PM10浓度与能见度具有显著相关性。在此基础上总结了各个主要污染物与能见度的回归曲线。利用多元线性回归法建立了大气能见度与空气主要污染物PM10、NO2、SO2之间的回归方程。     

2016-2020年常州市温室气体浓度及相关因素分析

基于2016-2020年常州市主要温室气体的监测数据,采用长时间序列分析和相关性分析等方法,研究了二氧化碳(CO2)和甲烷(CH4)浓度的变化趋势,分析了CO2和CH4与污染物和气象要素的相关性,初步探讨了生物源和人为源的影响.结果 表明:常州市大气CO2和CH4年平均浓度分别为416.4 ppm和1635.7 ppb...