地铁工程安全设计(DFS)知识库构建

针对目前地铁施工和运行过程中安全事故频发的现象,运用安全设计(DFS)概念,提出在地铁设计中应考虑施工和运行安全,构建DFS知识库,以提高设计人员的DFS能力。分析DFS知识库应具备的功能,提出通过知识的搜集、分析、存储和查询4大模块来实现相应的功能;依据模块的功能,详细设计DFS知识库的逻辑结构、系统结构和存储结构;4大模块与DFS不同的结构相结合,构成地铁工程DFS知识库系统。以乘客坠落站台事故为例,进行实证分析。研究结果表明,该案例的逻辑层次为"车站工程子知识库-车站站台子库-客运类事故";合理有效的知识库可根据标准化案例描述识别出危险源,并可运用知识管理的相关方法自动提取针对危险源的设计规范及设计建议。     

非线性回归法计算曝气设备清水氧传递系数

分析对比作图法、线性回归法和非线性回归法计算曝气设备清水氧传递系数(KLa)各自的优缺点。指出在实际测定曝气设备性能中,使用非线性回归法计算KLa更加可靠．而且可以使测试过程更加容易控制。所以在实际测试过程中,推荐使用非线性回归法计算KLa。     

建设项目环境影响的医学评价方法研究

作者在对中国我人民解放军第４７医院病建项目所产生的大气环境影响进行了医学秤价和影响，并在预测的基础上，建立了完整的环境医学影响廉政价方法，由于该评价方法完全尊循了国内现行大气环境影响评价的基本要求和程序，因此，它在今后的环境影响医学评价中净有广泛的应用。     

Integrating fisheries into the national development plans of Small Island Developing States (SIDS): Ten years on from Barbados

The development and effective introduction of strategies designed to ensure the ecologically and economically sustainable utilization of coastal and marine resources is perhaps the major challenge for Small Island Developing States (SIDS). In response, the 1994 Barbados Programme of Action (BPoA) called upon the SIDS to implement appropriate coastal and marine strategies and, crucially, ensure that such strategies were integrated into sustainable national development plans (NDPs). This article examines the extent to which contemporary NDPs and donor support programmes have incorporated the fisheries sector — arguably the most important coastal/marine resource for many SIDS — into such documents. Applying an assessment methodology, originally developed to identify levels of environmental mainstreaming within World Bank country assistance strategies to NDPs and donor support programmes, we are able to identify those SIDS who have most effectively integrated the fisheries sector into such documents. Comparison with data indicating the importance of the sector to the national economy (in terms of generating foreign exchange, employment generation and/or supporting domestic protein consumption levels) enables us to pinpoint those countries with substantial fisheries sectors, but a correspondingly lower than expected degree of sectoral mainstreaming. We suggest that the January 2005 review of the BPoA offers an opportune moment for such countries to redress these omissions.     

类-Fenton体系对水中17β-雌二醇的光降解

以250W照明金属卤化物灯为光源研究了水中17β雌二醇(E2)在类Fenton体系中的光降解。结果表明,Fe(Ⅲ)/H2O2体系能有效地光降解E2。pH3～6范围内,E2光降解率及反应初始速率随酸度的增大而增大;H2O2初始浓度越大,E2降解率及反应初始速率越大;E2初始浓度越低,E2降解率越高,反应初始速率越低。     

电刺激对餐厨垃圾-污泥共厌氧发酵产挥发性脂肪酸的影响

以小型生物电化学反应器为发酵装置,考察外加电刺激对餐厨垃圾-污泥共厌氧发酵过程中挥发性脂肪酸（volatile fatty acids,VFA）产量的影响。实验结果表明,餐厨垃圾协同污泥厌氧发酵,有利于体系中蛋白质和糖类的溶解消耗,提高VFA的产量。0.5 V微电刺激可增强厌氧体系中微生物的活性,有利于VFA的产出。第144和192小时,外加0.5 V的实验组VFA浓度分别为24 342 mg·L-1和21 291 mg·L-1,高于其他实验组,较空白分别提高了30.8%和4.1%;其组成主要是乙酸、丙酸和戊酸。发酵进行第24 h和96 h时,0.5 V微电刺激厌氧发酵体系中溶解性糖类和溶解性蛋白质分别为722.4 mg·L-1和1.49 g·L-1,且有机物水解酸化过程中,厌氧体系内糖类先于蛋白质被消耗。     

单甲脒农药对模型池塘生态系统藻类群落结构的影响

在１．５－５０．０ｍｇ／Ｌ的浓度范围内，单甲脒农药对模型池塘生态系统中的浮游植物群落结构有明显影响。尤其在加药的头４ｄ内，藻类种类、数量、多样性指数、种类数比及增长率明显下降，优势比显著上升，敏感种及清洁种减少甚至消失，高浓度（５０．０ｍｇ／Ｌ）的单甲脒在２ｄ内可把藻类全部杀灭。随试验时间的延长，药物不断降解，６ｄ后藻类种类、数量、多样性指数又不断回升。随加药次数的增多，药物对藻类抑制作用明显减弱，藻类的种类、数量、多样性指数等指标不断上升，尤其是藻类数量增加明显，试验后期，藻类数量高低主要受Ｎ、Ｐ浓度大小的影响。     

Diversity of antibiotic resistance genes and encoding ribosomal protection proteins gene in livestock waste polluted environment

The rapid development and increase of antibiotic resistance are global phenomena resulting from the extensive use of antibiotics in human clinics and animal feeding operations. Antibiotics can promote the occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which can be transferred horizontally to humans and animals through water and the food chain. In this study, the presence and abundance of ARGs in livestock waste was monitored by quantitative PCR. A diverse set of bacteria and tetracycline resistance genes encoding ribosomal protection proteins (RPPs) from three livestock farms and a river were analyzed through denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The abundance of sul(I) was 10³ to 10⁵ orders of magnitude higher than that of sul(II). Among 11 tet-ARGs, the most abundant was tet(O). The results regarding bacterial diversity indicated that the presence of antibiotics might have an evident impact on bacterial diversity at every site, particularly at the investigated swine producer. The effect of livestock waste on the bacterial diversity of soil was stronger than that of water. Furthermore, a sequencing analysis showed that tet(M) exhibited two genotypes, while the other RPPs-encoding genes exhibited at least three genotypes. This study showed that various ARGs and RPPs-encoding genes are particularly widespread among livestock.     

基于GIS的城市公共安全规划信息系统研究

随着城市建设步伐的加快和城市人口的急剧膨胀,各种灾害事故发生的频度和程度迅速增加,使得城市的可持续发展受到严重威胁,城市公共安全面临空前的挑战,建立城市公共安全规划信息系统势在必行。介绍了以地理信息系统为开发平台,实现安全规划对象海量数据的可视化、规范化、条理化及可编辑化,并根据城市各类防救灾设施的规划标准与建构模式,建立城市救灾单元区域和危险源区域,得出救灾单位的有效服务范围和危险源的风险范围,利用G IS的分析统计功能,快速统计出区域内人口及资源,依此计算救灾单位应具备的资源量,并合理组织危险源区域内人口的转移搬迁工作。     

伴矿景天汁液中重金属形态及絮凝沉淀效果优化

超积累植物伴矿景天在镉污染土壤修复方面展现出广泛的应用前景,而收获后鲜样的快速脱水处置是目前急需解决的问题。采用连续浸提法研究了伴矿景天植株中重金属浓度及形态,正交实验探讨了汁液在絮凝沉淀过程中重金属及化学需氧量(COD)的去除效果及其影响因素,Cd离子选择电极测定了汁液处理前后镉形态变化。结果表明,伴矿景天植株中Cd、Pb主要以活性较低的盐提取态和酸提取态存在,Zn主要以活性较高的乙醇提取态和去离子水提取态存在;汁液中离子态Cd约占总浓度的20%,其余主要为非离子态;絮凝沉淀可有效去除汁液COD和重金属,优选条件pH为10,聚合氯化铝(PAC)投加量2%,搅拌速度为400 r·min-1,该条件下汁液Cd、Pb、Zn和COD去除率分别为81.9%、77.0%、76.4%和55.0%。汁液经絮凝沉淀后,Cd总浓度降低到0.23 mg·L-1,且主要为非离子态。伴矿景天汁液中重金属的形态对汁液的絮凝沉淀效果有较大影响,有机螯合态重金属难以通过絮凝沉淀彻底去除,而离子态重金属在絮凝沉淀中更容易被去除。