交联菌丝体吸附剂的制备及其对Cr3+的吸附特性

深入研究了交联菌丝体吸附剂的制备工艺及其对Cr3+的吸附特性.交联菌丝体吸附剂制备工艺简单,但在制备过程中,活化剂NaOH和交联剂的用量对吸附特性影响较大.与纯菌丝体吸附剂相比,交联菌丝体吸附剂表观吸附容量提高48%,达到49.83 mg/g(pH=2.53,水溶液中的Cr3+浓度为600mg/L),同时其机械强度明显增强.交联菌丝体吸附剂对Cr3+的吸附特点是将沉淀法与吸附法相结合,将沉淀与吸附两过程合二为一,从而简化了处理工艺,降低了处理成本.     

Second german heavy-metal survey by means of mosses,and comparison of the first and second approach in germany and other european countries

This paper shows the geographic distribution in Germany of iron (Fe), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) analyzed in mosses in 1995/96 and compares it with the results of the 1990/91 pilot study within a European moss-monitoring programme. Other elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ti, V, Zn) are compared on basis of the overall element medians for Germany of the 1990/91 and 1995/96 survey. Samples of Pleurozium schreberi, Scleropodium purum, Hypnum cupressiforme and Hylocomium splendens were taken at a total of 1026 sites. In the 1995/96 monitoring campaign, 95% of the original sites of the 1990/91 study were resampled. The results from 1995/96 display local elevated values and many cases of areas affected by known sources of heavy-metal emissions. The industrialized and urban regions of Germany are shown up clearly by the 1995/96 moss-monitoring results: the Ruhr area, parts of Saarland and Baden-Württemberg, as well as areas in eastern Germany. Relatively low values for many elements were found in large areas of Lower Saxony and Bavaria. A comparison of the results of the 1990/91 and 1995/96 moss-monitoring programmes shows a fall in the concentration of the presented elements (except cadmium, copper and zinc) over the relevant period. Especially in the former GDR, chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti) and vanadium (V) decreased significantly. This is, firstly, a reflection of the closure of and/or technological improvements to large power plants; secondly it is due to the fact that lignite has given way to other fuels. Vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni), typical constituents of crude oil, also show a decrease in the western part and thus document changes in the type of fuel consumed. The significant fall in lead concentration in 1995/96 as compared to 1990/91 in what used to be East and West Germany probably results from the increasing use of lead-free petrol. A comparison of the median values for 1990/91 and 1995/96 in mosses to the rate of emission of heavy metals in Germany for 1990 and 1995 shows similar trends in the case of elements such as arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb). The comparison of the medians of the elements analyzed for 19 European countries indicates for most of the elements a general tendency to lower values in 1995, except for Lithuania, Netherlands, Portugal, Italy and United Kingdom.     

市政污水TOC与COD相关性

总有机碳(TOC)相对于化学需氧量(COD)能够更全面地反映水体中有机物的污染程度，而且TOC测定仪操作简单，数据准确，用TOC监测代替COD监测有利于实现监测仪器化，自动化。通过对市政污水中有机污染物的COD与TOC监测数据的相关性研究，建立了二者之间的线性回归方程和理论值范围方程，为污水中有机污染物的TOC监测代替COD监测提供了实践依据。     

石灰-铁盐法处理镍、钼深加工含镍、砷废水工艺设计

采用石灰-铁盐法处理镍、钼深加工含镍、砷废水,工程运行结果表明,出水能达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中一级排放标准,该工艺具有投资少,占地面积小,便于管理的优点。     

爆炸喷涂制备BaF2+CaF2+Cr3 C2/Ni-Cr涂层的组织及性能

采用爆炸喷涂工艺制备出BaF2＋CaF2＋Cr3C2／Ni—Cr涂层,为找到粉末性质对涂层性能的影响关系,利用XRD衍射分析、光学显微分析、扫描电镜分析、能谱分析及显微硬度分析等方法研究对比了不同种类粉末制备出的涂层的形貌、成分及显微硬度。研究结果表明,BaF2＋CaF2＋Cr3C2／Ni—Cr粉末在爆炸喷涂制备涂层的过程中氟化物会有损失,涂层中的Ca元素和Ba元素的质量分数低于其在粉末中的质量分数;包覆型粉的沉积效率高于机械混合型粉,前者制备的涂层中氟化物含量稍高于后者。     

基于遥感与GIS的新疆LUCC变化的时空信息研究及分析

文章应用RS和GIS等技术提取新疆地区近十几年来土地利用变化信息,从现状分析、发展动态等方面对土地利用与土地覆被（LUCC）信息进行定量和定性的分析。并运用土地利用动态度进一步说明新疆LUCC的变化过程。结果显示：新疆的耕地、林地、水域、建设地面积都有所增加,耕地的年变化率最大;未利用地面积有所减少,草地面积减少明显。     

房地产建设项目生态宜居性的模糊综合评价

以现代住区人居生态环境的要求和前人研究为基础,立足于以人为本和便于实际评估工作的开展,综合考虑人居生态环境健康、舒适的特点,在类比众多评价方法和参考国内外指标体系的基础上,运用模糊综合评价对某一大型房地产项目的生态宜居性进行初步分析,以期完善、充实中国房地产项目的生态宜居性评价体系和方法,为该领域的进一步研究提供基础。     

油田水反硝化技术抑制硫酸盐还原菌活性研究进展

综述了国内外应用反硝化技术抑制硫酸盐还原的沿革和最新进展。随着油田系统采出水中SRB造成危害的日益严重,常规的物理和化学法因其高成本、低效率等原因已不能满足需求,生态抑制法逐渐受到人们关注。着重介绍了反硝化技术对硫酸盐还原的抑制作用,阐述了当前国内外学者在此领域的研究现状,总结了研究者提出的几种机理,重点介绍了生物竞争抑制机制、中间产物抑制机制、形成厌氧硫循环机制、同时具有反硝化和硫酸盐还原的细菌作用机制以及电位抑制机制。列举了国内外成功应用反硝化抑制硫酸盐还原的成功实例,并总结了该领域研究的热点问题。     

活性炭纤维对定型机油烟废气吸附性能研究

采用动态吸附实验装置研究了粘胶基活性碳纤维的耐温性能以及预处理、采样流速、进气浓度对粘胶基活性碳纤维吸附定型机油烟废气平衡吸附量的影响,实验结果表明粘胶基活性碳纤维耐温性能良好,同时经去离子水煮沸2小时的粘胶基活性碳纤维平衡吸附量最大,采样流速增大平衡吸附量减少,但吸附速率变大,采用一级动力学模型较好地反映了吸附过程,Langmuir、Freundlich方程适合拟合低浓度下的吸附等温线,DR方程则较吻合高浓度下的吸附。     

K+对Fe(Ⅵ)生成的稳定促进作用和机理研究

研究了在生成高铁酸盐反应过程中K⁺对Fe(Ⅵ)的稳定促进作用和机理.结果表明,当反应温度大于50℃时,K⁺比Na⁺更有利于高铁酸盐的生成.K⁺促进高铁酸盐溶液生成的最佳反应温度为65℃.在生成高铁酸盐反应过程中,增加K⁺浓度能提高高铁酸盐的产率,并且随着硝酸铁投加量的增加,K⁺影响显著.在硝酸铁投加量为85 g/L时,采用4.4 mol/L KOH制备的Fe(Ⅵ)浓度为0.05 mol/L;加入2 mol/L K⁺后,Fe(Ⅵ)浓度增加到0.15 mol/L.K⁺对高铁酸盐溶液生成浓度的影响在硝酸铁投加量大于75 g/L,反应温度低于55℃,ClO^-浓度低于1.16 mol/L时较为显著.K⁺在一定程度上可替代部分碱度,降低OH^-用量.在反应过程中K⁺能包裹在FeO^2-₄周围,减少Fe³⁺与FeO^2-₄接触,从而减缓Fe³⁺对FeO^2-₄的催化分解作用;同时K⁺能与FeO^2-₄生成K₂FeO₄晶体沉淀析出,降低溶液中FeO^2-₄浓度,Fe(Ⅵ)分解速率减缓,稳定性增加,Fe(Ⅵ)生成浓度增加.