Reduced graphene oxide-nano zero value iron (rGO-nZVI) micro-electrolysis accelerating Cr(VI) removal in aquifer

Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) assembled on graphene oxide (GO) (rGO-nZVI) composites were synthesized by reduction of GO and ferrous ions with potassium borohydride, for use in Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution. The results showed that the two-dimensional structure of GO could provide a skeleton support for Fe⁰, thus overcoming the bottleneck of aggregation for nZVI. Also, rGO-nZVI would form a ferric-carbon micro-electrolysis system in Cr(VI)-contaminated aquifers, enhancing and accelerating electron transfer, exhibiting high rate and capacity for Cr(VI) removal. The optimum dosage of the applied rGO-nZVI was linearly correlated with the initial Cr(VI) concentration. Characterization of rGO-nZVI before and after reaction with Cr(VI) revealed the process of Cr(VI) removal: rGO-nZVI firstly transferred electrons from Fe⁰ cores via their Fe(II)/Fe(III) shells to the GO sheet; there, negatively charged Cr(VI) received electrons and changed into positively charged Cr(III), which was adsorbed by the negatively charged GO sheet, avoiding the capping and passivating of nZVI. rGO-nZVI formed a good electrically conductive network, and thus had long-term electron releasing properties, which was important for groundwater remediation.     

天然鸡蛋壳对污水中三价铬的吸附特性

用天然鸡蛋壳吸附处理含三价铬溶液。采用SEM-EDS技术对吸附材料进行了表征,并考察了溶液p H、接触时间、温度、吸附剂投加量、三价铬浓度、吸附材料粒径等因素对鸡蛋壳吸附三价铬的影响。最大吸附量48.6 mg/g是在低投加量0.5 g/L条件下获得,其实验条件为30℃、溶液p H=5.0、粒径0.1~0.3mm、初始浓度为100 mg/g。实验数据能较好的拟合朗缪尔等温吸附方程和准二级动力学方程。     

炭化核桃壳对废水中Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附

制备了炭化核桃壳,采用SEM,EDX,FTIR等方法对炭化核桃壳进行了表征,研究了炭化核桃壳对废水中Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附效果。表征结果显示,炭化后的核桃壳为片状结构,且形成了大量的微孔,微孔数量的增加使得核桃壳的比表面积明显增大。实验结果表明,炭化核桃壳吸附处理含Cr（Ⅵ）废水的最佳工艺条件为：初始废水pH 2.0、炭化核桃壳加入量16 g/L、吸附温度25 ℃、转速150 r/min、吸附时间180 min,在此最佳工艺条件下吸附处理Cr（Ⅵ）质量浓度为20 mg/L废水,Cr（Ⅵ）去除率高达98.7%,最大吸附量为8.731 mg/g。Langmuir吸附等温模型可更好地描述炭化核桃壳对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附过程,吸附属于单分子层吸附。拟二级动力学方程能更好地描述炭化核桃壳对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附行为,此吸附过程以化学吸附为主控步骤。     

Utilisation of Supernatants of Pure Cultures of Streptomyces thermocarboxydus NH50 to Reduce Chromium Toxicity and Mobility in Contaminated Soils

Chromium is a heavy metal used in various industrial sectors. Improper handling and storage of chromium-laden effluents or wastes can lead to the pollution of the environment. The most toxic form is the more mobile one: hexavalent chromium Cr(VI). The reduction of Cr(VI) results in the immobilisation of chromium into its less toxic trivalent form Cr(III). This phenomenon may prevent the contamination of groundwater when the soil in the vadose zone is contaminated. Many bacteria have been isolated from contaminated soils and described to reduce Cr(VI) into Cr(III). A new Cr(VI)-reducing strain, identified as a Streptomyces thermocarboxydus,has been isolated and studied in our laboratories for its ability to reduce Cr(VI). This aerobic bacterium, in contrast to other genera described which mediate reduction via enzymes, produces reducing agents into the culture supernatants. Cr(VI) reduction by these substances is accelerated by the presence of small concentration of cupric ions (Cu²⁺). The reducing agent(s) can be easily recovered from the bacterial cultures and used as cell-free solution to treat contaminated soils by an in situ or ex situ processes.     

乙二醇降解聚2,6-萘二甲酸乙二醇酯

采用乙二醇对聚2,6-萘二甲酸乙二醇酯（PEN）进行降解,表征了醇解产物,探讨了醇解原理。结果表明：醇解后PEN中的酯键断裂,PEN分子内的蟄合羟基变成2,6-萘二甲酸乙二醇酯（BHEN）上分子间缔合羟基和游离羟基;醇解后产物的O与C的原子比由醇解前的0.28增至0.38,醇解产物中C=O和C—O两种O结构的质量比为1∶2.18,C—C、C—O和O—C=O三种C结构的质量比为5.38∶2.22∶1,产物的平均分子量降为200左右;醇解产物主要为BHEN及其低聚物,BHEN单体纯度在90%以上,收率为25.95%。该醇解反应是酯基断裂又聚合,PEN长链变短的过程。     

扁穗牛鞭草对铬的吸收积累特征研究

采用盆栽实验法,研究不同浓度铬胁迫下扁穗牛鞭草(Hemarthria compressa)对Cr的吸收积累及生理特征.结果表明,在梯度实验中,植物体内的富集系数＞1.0,转移系数除对照组外都＜1.0.当铬处理浓度达80 mg/L时,根、茎和叶中铬的含量分别为1565.83 mg/kg、57.38 mg/kg和763.6...     

铬掺杂TiO2液相沉积膜可见光下降解甲基橙研究

实验用液相沉积法制备铬掺杂改性的二氧化钛(Cr-TiO2)薄膜电极,并在可见光下利用制备的电极对甲基橙溶液(MO)进行光电降解实验研究.并对制备的薄膜进行光电流(I-t)、交流阻抗(EIS)和Mott-Schottky等电化学相关表征.当掺杂浓度为0.2％时,薄膜电极具有最好的光电催化活性.在以0.2％ Cr-TiO2...     

垂直流人工湿地净化湖水的除磷研究

将欧盟资助项目研究成果应用于实际工程中,以垂直流人工湿地净化湖水的应用工程作为研究对象,通过实例总结系统的除磷效能,考察垂直流人工湿地对湖水净化后水质维护效果与应用前景,检验参数的合理性,并分析相关原因。结果表明,两种功能的垂直流人工湿地均达到了设计的除磷效果,在水力负荷为1000mm／d～2000mm／d时,两系统的平均去除率分别为TP：27．3％和49．1％,磷酸盐：20．1％和34．8％。湖水经湿地净化后能维持较好的水质,TP能达到地表水Ⅲ类标准。     

实验室含铅、镉废水的处理方法探究

文章报道了利用一种新型的环境矿物材料一羟基磷灰石处理实验室高浓度铅、镉污水的方法,该方法与《环境水质监测质量保证手册》中的消石灰处理法相比具有去除速度快、经济有效、无二次污染、安全环保等显著优点。本文还采用消石灰处理法对一次处理后的废水的上清液进行二次处理,这样能使实验室含高浓度的铅、镉废水,在处理后达到地表水三级质量标准。     

SPE-GC-MS法对渤海水体中有机锡化合物的痕量分析

摘要：文中采用GC-MS仪器测定方法对海水中六种不同形态有机锡化舍物进行分析。在确定的GC-MS测定方法基础上得到SPE条件优化：选择NH。DDC鳌合剂,用5％的甲醇为携带剂,流速15ml／min,萃取温度45℃,萃取压力300bar,萃取时间为15min．