C_8-SBA-15新型介孔涂层SPME-HPLC联用测定水样中的芘

以辛基键合SBA-15为固相微萃取（SPME）的吸附涂层,考察了吸附和解吸时间、萃取温度、搅拌速率对SPME效率的影响。该方法的线性范围为3.0—320μg/L,检出限为0.5μg/L,依据此方法测定了环境水样中芘,具有灵敏度高和精密度好的特点。     

SBA-15表面修饰及其对水中Cu~(2+)的吸附行为

以3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷为修饰剂,利用修饰方法,制备出氨基修饰SBA-15,并命名为N-SBA-15。采用XRD、FT-IR、N2吸附-脱附对样品进行表征,批量实验研究吸附剂对水中Cu2+的吸附性能,动力学实验数据采用拟一阶动力学方程、拟二阶动力学方程和内扩散方程进行分析。研究结果表明:N-SBA-15对Cu2+的吸附遵循液膜扩散和颗粒内扩散机理,且整个吸附过程更符合拟二阶动力学方程,45℃时Cu2+的最大吸附量达到0.812 mmol/g。Langmuir等温模型可较好地描述Cu2+在N-SBA-15上的吸附行为。热力学研究表明该吸附过程是一个自发、吸热过程,高温有利于吸附。     

Effect of orchard age on soil nitrogen transformation in subtropical China and implications

A better understanding of nitrogen transformation in soils could reveal the capacity for biological inorganic N supply and improve the efficiency of N fertilizers. In this study, a ¹⁵N tracing study was carried out to investigate the effects of converting woodland to orchard, and orchard age on the gross rates of N transformation occurring simultaneously in subtropical soils in Eastern China. The results showed that inorganic N supply rate was remained constant with soil organic C and N contents increased after converting woodland into citrus orchard and with increasing orchard age. This phenomenon was most probably due to the increase in the turnover time of recalcitrant organic-N, which increased with decreasing soil pH along with increasing orchard age significantly. The amoA gene copy numbers of both archaeal and bacterial were stimulated by orchard planting and increased with increasing orchard age. The nitrification capacity (defined as the ratio of gross rate of nitrification to total gross rate of mineralization) increased following the Michaelis–Menten equation, sharply in the first 10 years after woodland conversion to orchard, and increased continuously but much more slowly till 30 years. Due to the increase in nitrification capacity and unchanged NO₃⁻ consumption, the dominance of ammonium in inorganic N in woodland soil was shifted to nitrate dominance in orchard soils. These results indicated that the risk of NO₃⁻ loss was expected to increase and the amount of N needed from fertilizers for fruit growth did not change although soil organic N accumulated with orchard age.     

Preparation and evaluation of aminopropyl-functionalized manganese-loaded SBA-15 for copper removal from aqueous solution

A novel material, aminopropyl-functionalized manganese-loaded SBA-15(NH2-Mn-SBA-15), was synthesized by bonding 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane(APTMS) onto manganeseloaded SBA-15(Mn-SBA-15) and used as a Cu2+adsorbent in aqueous solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), X-ray diffraction spectra(XRD), N2adsorption/desorption isotherms, high resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) were used to characterize the NH2-Mn-SBA-15.The ordered mesoporous structure of SBA-15 was remained after modification. The manganese oxides were mainly loaded on the internal surface of the pore channels while the aminopropyl groups were mainly anchored on the external surface of SBA-15. The adsorption of Cu2+on NH2-Mn-SBA-15 was fitted well by the Langmuir equation and the maximum adsorption capacity of NH2-Mn-SBA-15 for Cu2+was over two times higher than that of Mn-SBA-15 under the same conditions. The Elovich equation gave a good fit for the adsorption process of Cu2+by NH2-Mn-SBA-15 and Mn-SBA-15. Both the loaded manganese oxides and the anchored aminopropyl groups were found to contribute to the uptake of Cu2+. The NH2-Mn-SBA-15 showed high selectivity for copper ions. Consecutive adsorption–desorption experiments showed that the NH2-Mn-SBA-15 could be regenerated by acid treatment without altering its properties.     

漂浮水生植物对富营养化水体中N2O产生及输移过程的调节作用

漂浮水生维管束植物具有发达的通气组织,然而关于其传输水体中产生温室气体N_2O方面的研究还很匮乏.本研究以漂浮水生植物凤眼莲为代表,利用稳定氮同位素示踪技术,设计能够分隔根室和叶室的水生植物生长系统,通过微宇宙实验定量追踪N-15标记的氮素在凤眼莲根系介导下的转化途径、N_2O产生规律及N_2O通过通气组织向空气的传输过程.研究结果表明,加入水体的~(15)NO_3~-有少部分通过异化还原成为铵(DNRA)过程转化为NH_4~+-~(15)N,主要通过反硝化反应生成N_2O;加入的~(15)NH_4~+主要发生了耦合硝化-反硝化反应.种植凤眼莲均使叶室中N_2O-~(15)N原子百分超和~(15)N_2O浓度明显高于无植物的对照,一方面说明凤眼莲根系能够促进反硝化、硝化-反硝化反应过程,同时也说明水体中的~(15)N_2O有相当一部分通过植株体传输到空气中.凤眼莲通气组织主要通过分子扩散从高浓度空间向低浓度空间输送~(15)N_2O.在标记NO_3~--~(15)N的水体中,凤眼莲在前期促进了~(15)N_2O向顶空排放,但并未在整个生长期持续促进N_2O释放.在标记NH_4~+-~(15)N的水体中,植株体富集是NH_4~+-~(15)N的一个主要归趋途径,但同时也有部分NH_4~+-~(15)N转化为N_2O通过植株通气组织持续、缓慢地释放到顶空当中.研究结果阐明了漂浮植物对水体氮转化过程及N_2O输移途径的调节作用,可为全面理解水体生态系统氮循环过程提供理论基础.     

碳源对生物滞留系统中硝酸盐异化还原成铵的影响研究

通过构建模拟实验,利用~(15)N同位素示踪技术研究在生物滞留系统中碳源对生物滞留系统中硝酸盐异化还原成铵(DNRA)的影响。结果表明:5个处理组(葡萄糖50,100,150,200,250 mg/L)中NO_3~-发生转化的量分别为41.1%、47.9%、50.7%、56.2%和57.6%。以葡萄糖为碳源,初始浓度为100 mg/L时,DNRA作用效果最显著,~(15)N-NH_4~+含量占初始添加~(15)N的24.7%;初始浓度为250 mg/L时,DNRA作用最弱,~(15)N-NH_4~+含量占初始添加~(15)N的13.7%。反硝化和DNRA作用同时进行,系统中~(15)N-NO_3~-含量的减少均伴随着DNRA过程中间产物~(15)N-NO_2~-含量的积累和最终产物~(15)N-NH+4含量的增加。     

基于15N同位素技术的地下河硝酸盐污染来源对比——以重庆青木关地下河为例

根据2008年3~11月逐月对青木关北段地下河水质的监测,以及2010年6~11月逐月对青木关南段地下河水质的监测,利用15N同位素技术并结合水化学指标,分析地下河的水化学特征以及硝酸盐来源的时空变化特征。结果表明：在北段和南段地下河出口硝酸盐平均浓度分别为2035 mg/L和5077 mg/L,入口分别为320 mg/L和0842 mg/L,两段的硝酸盐平均浓度在出口处均比入口处高6倍多。此外,通过分析青木关整个地下河流域的SymboldA@15N空间分布情况,可以得出：南段地下河水中NO-3 δ15N值较高,且变化显著,最高值37825‰出现在9月21日丁家龙洞取样点,其硝酸盐来源可能是粪便和污水;而北段地下河水中NO-3 δ15N值都比较低,变化幅度较小,均未超过10‰,说明北段地下河水中硝酸盐的主要来源是土壤有机氮或农业氮肥     

The Effect of UV-B Irradiation on the Biodegradability of Poly-β-Hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and Poly-ɛ-Caprolactone (PCL)

The biodegradability of poly--hydroxybutyrate and poly--caprolactone in soil compostage before and after irradiation of the polymers for 192, 425, and 600 h in a Weather-Ometer was examined. The biodegradability tests were done in soil compostage at pH 7.0, 9.0, and 11.0 to assess the influence of this parameter on degradation. The rate of degradation was directly proportional to the soil alkalinity. Poly--hydroxybutyrate showed the greatest weight loss and aging in a Weather-Ometer did not significantly increase the biodegradation, except when the polymer was aged for 425 h and buried in soil compostage of pH 11.0.     

Radical Scavengers Suppress Low Frequency EMF Enhanced Proliferation in Cultured Cells and Stress Effects in Higher Plants

Summary In previous publications, we reported that sinusoidal varying magnetic fields (SVMF) modify the activity and dynamics of the malignancy marker adenosine deaminase, and enhance the proliferation of chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF). While the SVMF examined by us (50, 60 & 100 Hz / 0.06–0.7 mT) were all below kT, they may have the potential of altering chemical processes in which excited radicals are involved. We tested this hypothesis in two experimental systems: CEF in culture and Spirodela oligorrhiza (Lemnaceae) (a small aquatic plant, commonly known as Duckweed). CEF were exposed to SVMF of 100 Hz/0.7 mT for 24 h. The addition of the exogenous radical scavengers catalase, superoxide dismutase or vitamin E to the cells during exposure significantly suppressed enhancement of cell proliferation caused by the field (by 79, 67 and 82%, respectively, as evaluated by the MTT colorimetric assay). ¹⁵N NMR analysis of Duckweed plants fed by ¹⁵N-labeled ammonium chloride and exposed to SVMF at 60 and 100 Hz/0.7 mT for 24 h, revealed augmented alanine production. Alanine did not accumulate in the absence of SVMF. The addition of vitamin C, a radical scavenger, reduced alanine production by 82%. Exposure to SVMF resulted in specific metabolic stress effects in Duckweed plants and enhanced proliferation of CEF. In both cases, it is suggested that free radicals are involved.     

Familial marker chromosome due to 3:1 Disjunction of t(9;15) in a grandparent

An extra small chromosome detected in amniotic fluid was identified as the product of a translocation [46,XX,t(9;15)(p24;q11.2)]. This case is unusual in that individuals with the unbalanced karyotype resulting from a 3:1 disjunction are phenotypically normal.