电化学氧化与厌氧技术联用处理垃圾渗沥水

采用电化学氧化与上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)结合技术,提出了处理香港垃圾渗沥水的二步法工艺.对含COD和NH₃-N分别为4750mg/L和1310mg/L的垃圾渗沥水,首先进行UASB预处理(消化温度37℃,COD负荷0.78g/(L·d),HRT为6.1d),获得了66%的COD去除率;UASB的出水被引入电化学氧化反应器进行深度处理.在外加Cl 2000mg/L,电流密度为32.3mA/cm²的条件下,经6h的电解间接氧化,COD和NH₃-N的去除率分别达到87%和100%,出水的COD为209mg/L,并且不含NH3-N,此过程的COD电能消耗＜55kW·h/kg.本文讨论了电化学氧化过程中电极反应原理,各实验参数对COD和NH₃-N去除率的影响,以及电能消耗与运行成本评估等.     

Br-Cl-共存溶液中Br-测定的研究

提出了一种用离子选择性电极、结合Matlab建立线性回归方程测定Br-的方法。经数理统计,回归系数R~2=1,回归方程与实验数据拟合理想。     

利用新复合引发体系合成P(DMDAAC-AM)共聚物

采用新的复合引发体系及助剂,在水溶液中合成了分子量较高而且速溶的P(DMDAAC-AM)共聚物．着重研究各种引发剂和助剂的浓度、引发及烘干温度、反应时间等因素对聚合反应的影响,得出最佳合成工艺及配方．利用IR、透射电镜和扫描电镜对产品进行分析．     

氯化锌清洁生产工艺

用连续反应装置代替间歇反应装置生产氯化锌，不仅生产能力大，而且无HCI气体逸出，操作环境好，产品质量稳定；用蒸发器代替石墨板蒸发ZnCl2溶液，既节省能量，又可避免蒸气四逸。生产实践证明，该生产方法不仅可以避免污染，还可以获得相当好的经济效益。     

PDA的制备及其对水体中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的去除性能

以二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,Span-80和Tween-80为乳化剂,液体石蜡为分散相,采用分批加料法,反相乳液聚合制备二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺的共聚物(PDA)。研究内容包括单体配比、引发剂配比、油水体积比和pH值对产物特性粘度的影响。研究获得的优化聚合条件为:单体质量比(DMDAAC∶AM)为2∶8,引发剂质量比(NaHSO3∶K2S2O8)为5∶3,油水体积比为1∶1.2,pH值为8。选用自制PDA用于去除水中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)时,在絮凝剂PDA的投加量为0.60 mg/L,pH值为10时,DMP的去除效果最好,去除率达到98.31%。     

氯化铁处理AB工艺二级出水中的磷

铁盐混凝剂因其高电荷、安全无毒、易于控制等优点,在城市污水厂除磷方面得到了进一步的发展和应用。为了考察FeCl3除磷的作用特征,探讨除磷效率随pH值、FeCl3投加量等混凝参数的变化规律,以氯化铁(FeCl3)为除磷剂,某城市污水处理厂二级出水为实验水样,进行了实验研究。研究结果表明,水样的硬度对混凝剂除磷性能有较大影响,在最佳工艺条件———不调节水样pH值、FeCl3投加量为75 mg/L时,可将废水中的总磷含量从4.95 mg/L降至0.44 mg/L以下,处理出水可达《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)中的一级A排放标准(GB18918-2002)(TP<0.50 mg/L)。     

Sorption of chlorinated solvents and degradation products on natural clayey tills

The sorption of chlorinated solvents and degradation products on seven natural clayey till samples from three contaminated sites was investigated by laboratory batch experiments in order to obtain reliable sorption coefficients (K_d values). The sorption isotherms for all compounds were nearly linear, but fitted by Freundlich isotherms slightly better over the entire concentration range. For chloroethylenes, tetrachloroethylene (PCE) was most strongly sorbed to the clayey till samples (K_d = 0.84-2.45 L kg⁻¹), followed by trichloroethylene (TCE, K_d = 0.62-0.96 L kg⁻¹), cis-dichloroethylene (cis-DCE, K_d = 0.17-0.82 L kg⁻¹) and vinyl chloride (VC, K_d = 0.12-0.36 L kg⁻¹). For chloroethanes, 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA) was most strongly sorbed (K_d = 0.2-0.45 L kg⁻¹), followed by 1,1-dichloroethane (1,1-DCA, K_d = 0.16-0.24 L kg⁻¹) and chloroethane (CA, K_d = 0.12-0.18 L kg⁻¹). This is consistent with the order of hydrophobicity of the compounds. The octanol-water coefficient (log K_ow) correlated slightly better with log K_d values than log K_oc values indicating that the K_d values may be independent of the actual organic carbon content (f_oc). The estimated log K_oc or log K_d for chlorinated solvents and degradation products determined by regression of data in this study were significantly higher than values determined by previously published empirical relationships. The site specific K_d values as well as the new empirical relationship compared well with calculations on water and soil core concentration for cis-DCE and VC from the Rugårdsvej site. In conclusion, this study with a wide range of chlorinated ethenes and ethanes - in line with previous studies on PCE and TCE - suggest that sorption in clayey tills could be higher than typically expected.     

纳米SiO2对微污染物HA、SDS及NH3-N的助凝特性研究

以聚合氯化铝PAC为混凝剂,纳米SiO2为助凝剂,对含有下列微污染物：十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）、氨氮（NH3-N）或腐植酸（HA）的高岭土悬浊液进行混凝沉降实验。借助形态学理论、电镜观察与图像分析技术,研究纳米SiO2对微污染物的助凝作用效果、吸附特性与絮体结构的形态学特征。结果表明：（1）在含有HA、SDS、NH3-N的模拟原水中,污染物去除率与浊度去除率的相关性随污染物分子量的增大而增强;（2）纳米SiO3对HA、SDS及NH3-N的助凝吸附效果,随分子量的降低而减弱。纳米SiO2能促使PAC对HA、SDS与NH3-N的去除率分别提高40％～50％、20％～30％和10％～15％;（3）纳米SiO2能促使PAC作用下的絮体粒径增大、密实度和分维值增加、沉速加快。     

制浆造纸废水生化出水的混凝处理研究

研究了硫酸铝和三氯化铁对制浆造纸废水生化出水的处理效果.研究发现,不调节原水pH值,硫酸铝投加量为600 mg/L或三氯化铁投加量为300mg/L时,混凝后废水的COD＜150 mg/L,色度＜50倍,出水均符合现阶段排放标准.混凝剂比较发现,在最佳反应条件下,2种混凝剂的处理效果相当,但硫酸铝混凝的成本低于三氯化铁....     

Natural Fiber Reinforced Poly(vinyl chloride) Composites: Effect of Fiber Type and Impact Modifier

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and natural fiber composites were prepared by melt compounding and compression molding. The influence of fiber type (i.e., bagasse, rice straw, rice husk, and pine fiber) and loading level of styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) block copolymer on composite properties was investigated. Mechanical analysis showed that storage modulus and tensile strength increased with fiber loading at the 30% level for all composites, but there was little difference in both properties among the composites from various fiber types. The use of SEBS decreased storage moduli, but enhanced tensile strength of the composites. The addition of fiber impaired impact strength of the composites, and the use of SEBS led to little change of the property for most of the composites. The addition of fiber to PVC matrix increased glass transition temperature (T_g), but lowered degradation temperature (T_d) and thermal activation energy (E_a). After being immersed in water for four weeks, PVC/rice husk composites presented relatively smaller water absorption (WA) and thickness swelling (TS) rate compared with other composites. The results of the study demonstrate that PVC composites filled with agricultural fibers had properties comparable with those of PVC/wood composite.