可变电荷与恒电荷土壤胶体对DNA吸附与解吸特征

采用平衡法研究了红壤胶体、砖红壤胶体、潮土胶体和褐土胶体在不同pH值条件下DNA吸附与解吸特征.结果表明,在NaCl和KCl电解质体系中,4种土壤胶体在吸附过DNA后,溶液pH值均有不同程度的增加,pH增加的幅度为红壤胶体>砖红壤胶体>潮土胶体>褐土胶体;NaCl电解质体系>KCl电解质体系.土壤胶体对DNA的吸附量均随着pH值的升高而降低,在pH为2~4,不同胶体对DNA的吸附量保持最大值,约为13.1~14.8μg.mg-1.当平衡溶液pH值从4.2开始上升至8.6,在NaCl体系中,砖红壤胶体和红壤胶体上DNA的吸附量下降幅度约5.5μg.mg-1,而在KCl体系中,DNA的吸附量下降幅度约2.1μg.mg-1.2种电解质体系,潮土胶体与褐土胶体上DNA的吸附量下降幅度约为8.3~12.2μg.mg-1.DNA吸附量下降幅度为恒电荷土壤(潮土和褐土)胶体>可变电荷土壤(红壤和砖红壤)胶体.用NaOAc和NaH2PO4对土壤胶体吸附DNA的解吸时,可变电荷土壤胶体与恒电荷土壤胶体解吸规律有明显差异.在3种溶液pH值为3、5和7时,可变电荷土壤(红壤和砖红壤)胶体上NaOAc解吸率约10%~24.5%,Na...     

亚太国家CDM项目国家主管部门运行管理现状及发展建议

通过对比目前亚太地区的7个主要发展中国家中国、缅甸、印度、印度尼西亚、老挝、菲律宾和泰国的CDM项目批准数量及领域（包括DNA和EB）、DNA的组织结构、审批流程和审批原则,分析其异同及存在的主要问题,并提出相关的建议,以便亚太国家能够相互学习先进的经验,更好的促进亚太地区的CDM项目开展。     

生态环境损害赔偿制度改革实施研究--以山东省为例

企业污染,环境利益受损,政府买单在很长一段时间内成为生态环境损害的解决路径,从2018年起,全国开始试行生态环境损害赔偿制度,实现损害担责是生态环境问题的解决之道。山东作为全国生态环境损害赔偿制度改革的7个试点省市之一,开展了生态环境损害赔偿制度的积极实践探索。山东省对"10.21济南章丘重大非法倾倒危险废物事故"生态损害赔偿案件的处理对于我国生态环境损害制度的发展提供了重要的实践创新经验。本文以山东省的改革实践作为研究视角,面对我国生态环境损害赔偿制度现存问题,结合山东的试点实际分析了实施成效,从赔偿磋商、鉴定评估、资金管理三个方面对生态环境损害赔偿制度提出完善建议。     

Damage to DNA of e ective microorganisms by heavy metals: Impact on wastewater treatment

The research is to test the damage to DNA of effective microorganisms(EMs)by heavy metal ions As3 ,Cd2 ,Cr3 ,Cu2 ,Hg2 , Pb2 ,and Zn2 ,as well as the effects of EM bacteria on wastewater treatment capability when their DNA is damaged.The approach applied in this study is to test with COMET assay the damage of EM DNA in wastewater with different concentrations of heavy metal ions As3 ,Cd2 ,Cr3 ,Cu2 ,Hg2 ,Pb2 ,Zn2 ,as well as the effects of EM treated with As3 ,Cd2 ,Cr3 ,Cu2 ,Hg2 ,Pb2 ,and Zn2 on COD degradin...     

《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》下的生物多样性监测

生物多样性监测是执行和评估《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性保护框架》（简称《昆-蒙框架》）长期目标和行动指标所需要的关键数据的主要来源。简要介绍了《昆-蒙框架》下的全球生物多样性观测网络（The global biodiversity observation network,GEO BON）概况、中国已有的生物多样性监测/观测网络,构建全球生物多样性观测系统（A global biodiversity observation system,GBiOS）的目的和核心监测指标,分析了生物多样性监测网络建设的一般步骤和GEO BON建议的4种生物多样性监测新方法。提出,地理空间单元与生物类群的全覆盖监测是建设生物多样性监测网络的主要目标,传统监测方法和新监测技术的互补是当前生物多样性监测的重点工作内容。     

Simulating Direct and Indirect Damages to Commercial Fisheries from Marine Sand Mining: A Case Study in Korea

Rapid growth in marine sand mining for construction and other uses poses environmental challenges to coastal nations virtually worldwide. Yet the development of management policies, such as a system of fees imposed on operators for damage caused by mining, has been frustrated by a lack of studies to support such measures. Adapting a Beverton-Holt bioeconomic model, this paper attempts to contribute to the estimation of external costs to commercial fisheries due to marine mining. Using the major mining area of Ongjin in Korea as a case study, we estimate economic losses in use value of commercial fisheries through the time to recovery of the injured resource stocks. Present value of lost catch over a 1-year period from mining to resource recovery is estimated at $38,851 for a single “prototype” mining site. Estimated cumulative damages due to recurring mining for 5 and 10 years are $1.5 million and $2.2 million, respectively, at 20 mining sites. Sensitivity analyses are used to examine the effects of alternative assumptions to assess the many sources of uncertainty. Using a form of meta-analysis, dose-response information is used to assess the excess mortality the mining sediment plume has on eggs and larvae and, ultimately, on the value of lost catch ($841). Also addressed is the importance of specifying the appropriate “premining” conditions against which to assess environmental losses at the mining site. Damages estimated with premining fish populations are $23,066 higher than is the case using postmining conditions. Overall, the illustrative results suggest the variety of complex conditions which influence damage to fisheries from mining and which can benefit from further study to improve management guidelines. An erratum to this article can be found at     

植物病虫害的遥感探测

本文概述了应用遥感技术探测植物病虫害的原理、途径、优缺点与发展过程.着重报导了最近在安徽省孤山林场开展的从TM图象提取森林松毛虫害的成功试验,并展望了应用遥感技术提高植物病虫害防治水平的前景.     

Glutathione S-transferase gene polymorphism,cigarette smoking and DNA damage

Several factors such as smoking habits, diet, occupational, and environmental exposure to chemical carcinogens influence the overall level of DNA damage. In 69 healthy adult volunteers’ polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase (GST), an enzyme which participates in the metabolism of a broad range of carcinogens and endogenous compounds were determined. The level of DNA damage was assessed by comet assay and classified according to GSTT1/M1 genotype and smoking habits. GSTM1 null genotype was recognized in 48% of studied subjects and GSTT1 null genotype in only two cases (3%). In subjects carrying GSTT1/M1 alleles a significantly lower degree of DNA damage, determined as % DNA in the comet's tail, than in null individuals was noted. However, the results obtained did not indicate that in studied subjects an elevated endogenous level of DNA damage may be significantly related to smoking habits.     

用ART2神经网络方法进行结构的损伤识别

用ART2神经网络方法对建筑结构的损伤进行了识别 ,实验证明该方法的识别精度高 ,具有自动从环境中学习的能力 ,对未知的损伤 ,ART2网络将能自动地给出新的识别输出 ,即对未知的损伤类型也能够进行识别     

基于Shear Damage模型的剪切闸板防喷器剪切性能研究

为揭示剪切闸板在纯剪切工况条件下(无压差、无悬重)剪切钻杆时剪切力特征,以及悬重、内外压差等复杂工况条件对剪切钻杆时剪切力和油压的影响规律。本文基于Shear Damage断裂损伤模型,通过显示动力学方法开展剪切过程仿真研究。研究结果表明:在纯剪切工况条件下,剪切力随时间增加先逐渐增加再急剧下降为0;在有悬重工况条件下,剪切力和油压随悬重增加而呈减小趋势;在钻杆内压大于外压工况条件下,剪切力和油压均随压差增大而增大;在钻杆内压小于外压工况条件下,剪切力随压差增大而减小,57/8 in(壁厚14.50 mm)、5 in(壁厚12.70 mm)规格钻杆油压随压差增大呈先增加后减小趋势,51/2 in(壁厚10.54 mm)规格钻杆油压随压差变化不明显,其余钻杆油压随压差增大均呈上升趋势。研究结果可为剪切闸板防喷器油压配置、结构优化、关井工艺改进等提供关键技术支撑。