上海市某城区降水监测点位优化

通过对2009—2011年间上海市某城区降水监测数据的数理统计分析,对降水中的阴阳离子、p H值和电导率数据进行比对,在确保监测数据的代表性、合理性和连续性前提下,对于降水监测点位优化的必要性、可行性与后续影响进行评估。     

环境监测数据审核体系的回顾与展望

回顾了中国环境监测数据审核体系发展历程,指出了当前环境监测数据审核在国家、运作和研究层面上存在的问题。提出,在国家层面上,应建立健全环境监测数据QA/QC法律体系;在运作层面上,环境监测机构应建立健全环境监测数据审核管理机制;在研究层面上,应开展监测数据合理性、相关性审核研究。     

环境空气自动监测数据审核中异常数据判断和处理

以上海嘉定区环境空气自动监测数据为依据,利用中美合作-上海市环境空气质量发布系统示范项目(AIRNOW-International)提供的DMS数据自动审核模块,结合市区两级人工审核系统,对数据有效性审核中的异常数据情形进行归类和总结。以实例的方式介绍了环境空气常规六参数常见的异常数据情形,并提出应对异常数据的审核程序和办法。     

LIMS系统的实施与应用

本文先分析了LIMS系统执行软件,随后介绍了LIMS系统的具体实施流程,包括建立静态数据平台、业务流、管理系统、仪器集成、数据查询、LIMS系统集成,希望能给相关人士提供有效参考。     

基于DEA模型的我国东部地区SO_2有效削减比率研究

"十一五"规划纲要中明确提出了主要污染物排放总量减少10%的战略目标,合理进行SO2削减是实现这一目标的基础。运用基于生产前沿的DEA模型计算了我国东部地区11个省、直辖市1990到2007年18年间的SO2有效削减百分比。计算结果显示,经济越发达、产业结构越优化的地区,该值越小。1990~2007年间的平均SO2有效削减百分比上海、广东、福建、海南最小,一直为0。北京、天津、浙江、江苏较低,平均SO2有效削减百分比分别为13.83%、15.31%、18.36%、21.14%,而河北、山东最高,分别为39.81%、32.00%,应该加强这些地区的SO2削减,采取措施提高SO2排放效率。     

环境信息数据仓库建设及其相关的技术应用

阐述了环境信息数据仓库建设的需求和体系框架,介绍了环境信息数据仓库建设的关键技术和基于数据仓库的决策支持系统,列举了环境信息数据仓库在2000年2001年间对我国西部12个省、自治区和直辖市的大范围生态环境调查课题中的应用价值。     

Inorganic pollution in water—the analyst's viewpoint†

Inorganic pollution comprises both major and minor constituents, although only 12 chemical elements may be considered major components. Twenty‐eight elements constitute a group of common minor elements and an additional 13 elements comprise a group of less common minor constituents. Reliable quantitative data are required on the occurrence of these substances in a wide variety of water types, usually at extremely low concentrations. The analysis of standard reference water samples provides information on the overall reliability of water‐quality data. Although most major constituents may be determined with acceptable reliability, determinations of certain minor constituents lack comparable precision; for example, determinations of boron, nickel, and chromium. Few precision data are available on the determination of the less common trace elements. Several comparatively new analytical techniques, such as flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry, voltammetry, and emission spectroscopy with plasma excitation, appear capable of providing improved sensitivity.     

Analysis of laboratory incident database

With the growth of academic institutions, the number of labs handling hazardous chemicals has increased. Although the chemicals used in academic institutions are well-known, the dosage, usage, and management of these chemicals pose significant threat to researchers at all levels. As a step towards incident prevention, a laboratory incident database was developed to record incidents at universities and secondary schools. The data consisted of 128 entries occurring during the years 2012–2015. Incidents were classified by institution type, hazard type, consequences, substance type, body parts injured and direct causes. Of 128 incidents, 65% of the incidents were taking place in universities. Chemical spills were observed to be the most recurrent hazard type contributing to 45% of the incidents following by explosions (23%) and fires (21%). The consequence which most frequently occurred in incidents was personal injury and hazmat response contributing to 22% each. It was observed that in 41% of the incidents, the body parts injured in the incident was not known or reported. Of the total 128 incidents, about 50 incidents occurred due to improper storage and handling.     

A Comparison of Data Sets Varying in Spatial Accuracy Used to Predict the Occurrence of Wildlife-Vehicle Collisions

Wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs) pose a significant safety and conservation concern in areas where high-traffic roads are situated adjacent to wildlife habitat. Improving transportation safety, accurately planning highway mitigation, and identifying key habitat linkage areas may all depend on the quality of WVC data collection. Two common approaches to describe the location of WVCs are spatially accurate data derived from global positioning systems (GPS) or vehicle odometer measurements and less accurate road-marker data derived from reference points (e.g., mile-markers or landmarks) along the roadside. In addition, there are two common variable types used to predict WVC locations: (1) field-derived, site-specific measurements and (2) geographic information system (GIS)-derived information. It is unclear whether these different approaches produce similar results when attempting to identify and explain the location of WVCs. Our first objective was to determine and compare the spatial error found in road-marker data (in our case the closest mile-marker) and landmark-referenced data. Our second objective was to evaluate the performance of models explaining high- and low-probability WVC locations, using congruent, spatially accurate (<3-m) and road-marker (<800-m) response variables in combination with field- and GIS-derived explanatory variables. Our WVC data sets were comprised of ungulate collisions and were located along five major roads in the central Canadian Rocky Mountains. We found that spatial error (mean ± SD) was higher for WVC data referenced to nearby landmarks (516 ± 808 m) than for data referenced to the closest mile-marker data (401 ± 219 m). The top-performing model using the spatially accurate WVC locations contained all explanatory variable types, whereas GIS-derived variables were only influential in the best road-marker model and the spatially accurate reduced model. Our study showed that spatial error and sample size, using road-marker data for ungulate species, are important to consider for model output interpretation, which will impact the appropriate scale on which to apply modeling results. Using road-marker references <1.6 km or GPS-derived data locations may represent an optimal compromise between data acquisition costs and analytical performance. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

费氏中华根瘤菌15142的cysDN基因克隆及其相关功能

为确定cysDN操纵子的功能及对根瘤菌结瘤的影响,通过三亲本接合,将质粒转座子pTnMod-RKm′随机插入费氏中华根瘤菌15142中,建成随机插入突变体库,随后通过含有不同硫源的MM培养基的筛选得到一株不能利用硫酸盐但能够利用半胱氨酸的突变体.进一步克隆和测序分析后发现该操纵子与已报道的Sinorhizobium sp.strain BR816的cysDN在核苷酸水平上有92%的相似性,在氨基酸水平上有96%的相似性.用自杀质粒pK18mob分别构建含有cysD部分片段和cysN部分片段的重组质粒,通过三亲本接合导入出发菌株15142中,经过同源单交换,分别获得cysD的pK18mob正反向插入突变株cysDF/15142以及cysDR/15142和cysN的pK18mob正反向插入突变株cysNF/15142与cysNR/15142.用广谱宿主质粒pLAFRJ载体连接完整操纵子cysDN构建互补质粒cysDN+pLAFRJ,将该质粒通过三亲本接合导入突变株中,获得互补菌株.用不同硫源的液体MM培养基培养,发现互补菌株能够补回突变菌株不能利用硫酸盐作为唯一硫源的缺陷,说明cysDN操纵子确实与硫酸盐同化途径有关;植株试验表明突变株比出发菌株推迟结瘤1~2 d,固氮酶活也比出发菌株稍低;竞争结瘤试验表明突变菌株占瘤率较差,但在平均瘤数、平均瘤重、平均植株干重上则无差异.