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101.
本年度报告采取实地调研法和政策分析法,系统评估2023年我国环境经济政策实践进展,总体认为环境经济政策体系不断健全完善,为美丽中国建设与生态环境质量持续改善提供了重要推动力,在生态文明治理体系中的地位和作用更加凸显,为宏观经济全面绿色低碳发展转型及美丽中国建设目标加快实现提供了重要支撑。未来,需要更加强调环境经济政策的科学性、系统性、经济性和制度化建设,深化环境经济政策创新,实施统筹谋划、综合调控、集成应用,在环境治理体系和治理能力现代化建设中发挥更加重要作用。 相似文献
102.
Richard H. McCuen L. Douglas James 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1972,8(5):965-975
ABSTRACT. In urban hydrologic studies, it is often necessary to determine the effect of changes in urban land use patterns on such runoff characteristics as flood peaks and flow volumes. Nonparametric statistical methods have certain properties that make them a valuable tool for detecting hydrologic change caused by a treatment, such as urbanization, that changes watershed over a period of time. As many hydrologists do not have a working familiarity with nonparametric methods, a number of them are used for illustrative purposes to analyze the effect of urbanization on 24 years of annual flood peaks for a Louisville, Kentucky, watershed. In the example, urbanization was found to increase the central tendency, but not the dispersion of the peaks. Peak flows modeled by holding watershed parameters constant were also found to be increasing because of an upward trend in precipitation. By following the numerical examples in the paper and looking up test statistics in referenced sources, the reader can easily apply these methods to other situations. 相似文献
103.
104.
Priyantha Lakmini Herath;Sandani Buddhima;Bhanuka Mahesha Gunathilake;Daham Tharanga Jayawardana;Nilanthi Bandara; 《环境质量管理》2024,33(3):321-330
This study looks at the annual variations in landfill gas concentrations within the surface layer of the dump as well as the effect of climatic factors on these variations under the tropical climate. The experiment was carried out at part of the Karadiyana landfill, Sri Lanka, containing old mixed municipal solid waste covered by vegetation. The gas concentrations of the landfill surface layer were measured from three gas wells established on the dump surface layer, which contains 2.5 m depth, throughout the year with the measuring of climatic factors. The results show the annual fluctuation of temperature, cumulative rainfall, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure were 27–42°C, 66.7–357.7 mm, 24.7%–78.2%, and 999.5–1014 mbar around the studied landfill area, and the average concentration value of the CH4, NH3, H2S, and VOCs gases were 18.94 ± 11.49%, 15.48 ± 15.17 mg m−3, 15.06 ± 19.02 mg m−3, and 0.83 ± 0.99 mg m−3, respectively. The rainfall and atmospheric temperature were significant metrological factors influencing the surface layer gas concentrations and showed a significant positive correlation with cumulative rainfall and a negative correlation with atmospheric temperature. The relative humidity shows a moderate positive correlation, and there was no evidence of a considerable impact of atmospheric pressure on the surface layer concentrations. Annual fluctuation is a critical factor for landfill gas emission quantification, and surface layer concentration variation can be used to study the emission fluctuation by considering their relationship. 相似文献
105.
The statistical analysis of annual growth of Posidonia oceanica is traditionally carried out through Gaussian linear models applied to untransformed, or log‐transformed, data. In this paper, we claim that there are good reasons for re‐considering this established practice, since real data on annual growth often violate the assumptions of Gaussian linear models, and show that the class of Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) represents a useful alternative for handling such violations. By analyzing Sicily PosiData‐1, a real dataset on P. oceanica growth data gathered in the period 2000–2002 along the coasts of Sicily, we find that in the majority of cases Normality is rejected and the effect of age on growth is nonlinear. A GLM with Gamma distribution and identity or log link appears to be a satisfactory choice in most cases. Furthermore, when back‐dating techniques are employed, each plant provides a longitudinal set of dependent data, and a proper statistical analysis should take such dependence into account. We show that the class of Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM), an extension of GLM's, provides an effective way to analyze longitudinal P. oceanica growth data. Again, by using examples taken from Sicily PosiData‐1, we show that misleading results can be obtained if dependence is ignored and that other techniques, like sub‐sampling, are not a good option for overcoming the so‐called “pseudo‐replications” problem. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
106.
危险废物对环境或者人体健康会造成有害影响,有效地预测其产量是优化管理和合理处置的重要依据。以2008~2016年成都市危险废物产生量为基础,通过数据带入和整合及综合各参数因子的影响,利用人工神经网络模型预测方法客观反映并预测成都市危废产量的变化趋势。结果表明该模型预测2017~2018年成都市危险废物年产量分别达到24.46万t和26.88万t,模拟精度偏差低。因此,人工神经网络模型可以作为一种预测危险废物产生量的工具,其预测结果可以为职能部门提供决策参考。 相似文献
107.
Peter R. Waylen Matthew R. Zorn 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1998,34(1):149-157
ABSTRACT: A frequency analysis approach for the prediction of flow characteristics at ungaged locations is applied to a region of high annual precipitation and low topography in north and central Florida. Stationary time series of annual flows are fitted with the lognormal distribution and estimated parameters of the distribution are fitted by third order trend surfaces. These explain 65 and 74 percent of the observed variances in the mean and standard deviation, respectively. Predictions of parameters are then made for several locations previously unused in the study and they are used to estimate the return periods of various flows from the lognormal distribution. Application of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test suggests that only one of the five test stations can be considered significantly different from the observed data, confirming the applicability of this technique. 相似文献
108.
109.
河口是全球碳循环的重要区域.为了研究黄河口表层水中溶解无机碳(DIC)的时空分布特征,2013年春季、夏季、秋季、深秋分别对表层水进行采样分析,讨论了DIC含量与环境因子间的相关关系.结果表明,黄河口表层水体DIC浓度在26.34~39.43 mg·L-1,其分布趋势为淡水端高于海水端,在盐度小于15‰的区域发生明显亏损,最大亏损量为20.46%;季节分布规律表现为春季秋季深秋夏季.通过主成分分析表明,水温、悬浮物、盐度、叶绿素a是影响黄河口表层水DIC浓度变化的主要因素,其解释效率达83%,而碱度、p H、溶解有机碳、溶解氧等因素对DIC分布特征的影响不容忽视.DIC在低盐区亏损的主要原因是碳酸钙沉降.黄河口DIC呈逐年增长趋势,主要受水体停留时间、温度、外源输入及环境条件等因素的影响. 相似文献
110.
Lauren L. Sullivan Matthew J. Michalska-Smith Katie P. Sperry David A. Moeller Allison K. Shaw 《Conservation biology》2021,35(3):944-954
Habitat loss and fragmentation can negatively influence population persistence and biodiversity, but the effects can be mitigated if species successfully disperse between isolated habitat patches. Network models are the primary tool for quantifying landscape connectivity, yet in practice, an overly simplistic view of species dispersal is applied. These models often ignore individual variation in dispersal ability under the assumption that all individuals move the same fixed distance with equal probability. We developed a modeling approach to address this problem. We incorporated dispersal kernels into network models to determine how individual variation in dispersal alters understanding of landscape-level connectivity and implemented our approach on a fragmented grassland landscape in Minnesota. Ignoring dispersal variation consistently overestimated a population's robustness to local extinctions and underestimated its robustness to local habitat loss. Furthermore, a simplified view of dispersal underestimated the amount of habitat substructure for small populations but overestimated habitat substructure for large populations. Our results demonstrate that considering biologically realistic dispersal alters understanding of landscape connectivity in ecological theory and conservation practice. 相似文献