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101.
102.
A controlled hydroponic experiment was undertaken to investigate Cd uptake in relation to the activity of Cd species in solution other than the free ion (Cd2+) by maintaining a constant Cd2+ activity under variable SO42− and Cl− concentrations exposed to maize (Zea mays var. Cameron) plants. The objectives of these experiments were: (1) to distinguish and quantify the different uptake rates of free and inorganic-complexed Cd from nutrient solution, and (2) to model the uptake of Cd by maize with a Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) in a system which facilitates the close examination of root characteristics. Results of the current experiments suggest that, in addition to the free ion, CdSO40 complexes are important factors in determining Cd uptake in nutrient solution by maize plants. Higher nominal SO42− concentrations in solution generally resulted in a greater Cd accumulation by maize plants than predicted by the Cd2+ activity. A better integration of the complete dataset for the 3 harvest times (6, 9 and 11 days after treatment) was achieved by including consideration of both the duration of Cd exposure and especially the root surface area to express Cd uptake. Similarly, the fit of the BLM was also improved when taking into account exposure time and expressing uptake in terms of root morphological parameters. 相似文献
103.
Sound stimulates the tympanic membrane (TM) of anuran amphibians through multiple, poorly understood pathways. It is conceivable
that interactions between the internal and external inputs to the TM contribute to the nonlinear effects that noise is known
to produce at higher levels of the auditory pathway. To explore this issue, we conducted measurements of TM vibration in response
to tones in the presence of noise in the frog Eupsophus calcaratus. Laser vibrometry revealed that the power spectra (n = 16) of the TM velocity in response to pure tones at a constant level of 80 dB sound-pressure level (SPL) had a maximum
centered at an average frequency of 2,344 Hz (range 1,700–2,990 Hz) and a maximum velocity of 61.1 dB re 1 μm/s (range 42.9–66.6
dB re 1 μm/s). These TM-vibration velocity response profiles in the presence of increasing levels of 4-kHz band-pass noise
were unaltered up to noise levels of 90 dB SPL. For the relatively low spectral densities of the noise used, the TM remains
in its linear range. Such vibration patterns facilitate the detection of tonal signals in noise at the tympanic membrane and
may underlie the remarkable vocal responsiveness maintained by males of E. calcaratus under noise interference. 相似文献
104.
Community-based vulnerability assessment has often assumed that the local is the relevant level of adaptation to climate change.
This paper suggests that not only do a number of levels from the international to the regional influence which adaptations
can take place locally, but the governance network that is made up by actors on different levels may to a large extent be
formed in responses to globalising factors, such as internationalisation of economies and the changing role of the state.
The paper presents a study of adaptation in reindeer (Rangifier tarandus) herding, forestry and fishing communities in northern Norway, Sweden, and Finland, with a focus on assessing stakeholders’
own perceptions of environmental, socio-political and economic factors that affect them. In general, the paper illustrates
the integration of non-subsistence economies into large and complex interactions where local adaptation is a result of the
sum of stresses impacting individual entrepreneurs, and the potential they have to adapt their practices given governance
(and their access to support) on different scales.
相似文献
E. Carina H. KeskitaloEmail: |
105.
Occupational exposure limits (OELs) developed by authorities play a key role in the implementation of programs to protect workers against hazardous chemicals. Unfortunately, many hazardous substances do not have OELs or the OEL could be outdated. To assure the health of the workers, it is therefore useful for companies to develop corporate OELs. An inhouse strategy will be presented hereafter. Expertise in toxicology, industrial hygiene, and occupational health should be available within the company and clear selection criteria for substances are needed. A corporate OEL is only developed for hazardous substances (e.g., carcinogenic or reprotoxic) with a high potential for worker exposure when an appropriate national OEL or threshold limit value is not available. The methodology to calculate corporate OELs is based on the existing methods for national or community OELs and also on the guidance from the European Union's (EU) regulation on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). For carcinogenic substances with a nonthreshold mode of action, there is always a residual chance that a cancer develops even when the exposure of workers is low. To establish an OEL for these substances, the “German traffic light model” is recommended. It is pragmatic, defines an unacceptable, tolerable, and acceptable risk level when workers are exposed to these substances, and determines risk management for exposure reduction. Overall, the professional practice to develop OELs is a good example of corporate leadership to proactively protect the health of workers. 相似文献
106.
介绍了二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)在人体的代谢、毒性作用和临床表现,以及DMF职业接触标志物的研究进展。 相似文献
107.
108.
我国云南省曲靖的宣威和富源等地是全世界肺癌高发区,为了研究环境介质中铜(Cu)等重金属的暴露与体内分布特征,探讨Cu与肺癌的相关性,在当地开展肺癌环境流行病学调查,采集宣威和富源高发区人群饮食、饮水以及人体血浆和肺组织样品,微波消解ICP-MS法测定样品中Cu等元素.结果显示,当地居民使用燃料类型是影响肺癌高发的重要因素.高发区人群Cu的日摄入总量低于我国推荐的每日膳食中营养素供给量(RDA).肺癌组血液中Cu含量显著高于对照组,肺癌组织中Cu含量显著高于癌旁组织和正常组织,且肺癌患者的血浆和肺组织中Cu/Zn比值均升高.Pearson相关性分析结果表明,Cu和Ni、Cu和Pb呈显著正相关,提示在致癌作用上具有协同效应;Cu和Fe、Cu和Zn呈显著负相关,提示具有抑制或拮抗作用.多因素Logistic回归结果表明,Cu是肺癌发生的重要影响因素,人体中Cu含量和Cu/Zn比值可为肺癌的早期预防和诊断提供科学依据. 相似文献
109.
Mann RE Stoduto G Butters J Ialomiteanu A Boase P Asbridge M Chipman M Wickens CM 《Journal of Safety Research》2010,41(5):445-449
Introduction
The purpose of the current study was to examine differences in factors associated with self-reported collision involvement of three age groups of drivers based on a large representative sample of Ontario adults. Method: This study was based on data from the CAMH Monitor, an ongoing cross-sectional telephone survey of Ontario adults 18 years and older from 2002 to 2005. Three age groups were examined: 18-34 (n = 1,294), 35-54 (n = 2,428), and 55+ (n = 1,576). For each age group sample, a logistic regression analysis was conducted of self-reported collision involvement in the last 12 months by risk factor measures of driving exposure (kilometers driven in a typical week, driving is stressful, and driving on busy roads), consuming five or more drinks of alcohol on one occasion (past 12 months), cannabis use (lifetime, and past 12 months), and driving after drinking among drinkers (past 12 months), controlling for demographics (gender, region, income, and marital status). Results: The study identified differences in factors associated with self-reported collision involvement of the three age groups of adult drivers. The logistic regression model for the youngest group revealed that drivers who reported that driving was stressful at least some of the time, drank five or more drinks on an occasion, and drove after drinking had an increased risk of collision involvement. For the middle age group, those who reported using cannabis in the last 12 months had significantly increased odds of reporting collision involvement. None of the risk factor measures showed significant associations with collision risk for older drivers (aged 55+). Impact: The results suggest potential areas for intervention and new directions for future research. 相似文献110.
This work aimed at assessing the influence of different exposure systems to perform the commonly used OECD 201 freshwater algal growth inhibition test in the context of nanoparticles hazard assessment. Two distinct TiO2 nanoparticles were considered and three different exposure systems were investigated: Erlenmeyers flasks and 24-well microplates (both using an orbital shake system), and an alternative system using cylindrical vials and magnetic stirring. All three systems are in accordance with the OECD 201 test guideline recommendations. We concluded that the exposure systems applied to achieve the test can substantially affect the ecotoxicological results and the subsequent calculated ECx. The selected systems influenced both the interaction between algal cells and TiO2 nanoparticles as well as the growth inhibition recorded. Disparities in ecotoxicity relative to the TiO2 nanoparticles tested were also observed and are finally discussed. 相似文献