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991.
992.
从长江流域水污染规律看四川省水环境保护战略 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用流域系统联系的观点,从长江流域水污染特点规律及其发展趋势出发,分析了四川省水环境保护在长江流域的地位作用,及其面临的挑战,最后简要讨论四川水环境保护应采取的宏观战略。 相似文献
993.
控制我国SO2污染已势在必行,本文对控制SO2污染的战略思想,战略部署进行了探讨,认为高硫煤地区的SO2污染控制尤为重要,并对实施SO2污染控制战备提供了若干建议。 相似文献
994.
本文通过对连续采样和间断采样监测大气SO2浓度的对比实验数据进行分析,认为24h逐时间断采样的SO2浓度平均值和连续采样的SO2日平均浓度之间没有偏差,而几个时刻间断采样的平均值与连续值采样的日平均浓度存在显著性差异。 相似文献
995.
E. B. Preud'homme H. G. Stefan 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1992,28(6):1077-1082
ABSTRACT: Records of hourly water temperatures for two streams in the Upper Mississippi River basin were used to find the error between instantaneous measurements of stream water temperatures and true daily averages. The instantaneous summer water temperature measurements were assumed to be collected during daylight hours, and measurement times were selected randomly. The absolute error at the 95 percent confidence level of randomly collected stream water temperatures was less than 0.9°C for a 1 to 5m deep large river, but as large as 3.6°C for a 0.3 to lm deep small stream. Temperature readings of morning samples were usually below daily average values, and afternoon readings were usually above. Daily mean water temperatures were obtained with less than 0.23°C standard deviation from true daily averages if the daily maximum and minimum water temperatures were averaged. Sample results were obtained for the open water (summer) season only, since diurnal water temperature fluctuations in ice covered streams are usually negligible. 相似文献
996.
本文概述了四川电力工业环境现状,特别是二氧化硫的污染形势严峻。通过一系列数据,说明四川省电力工业控制SO_2污染已势在必行。 相似文献
997.
Herbert D. Drechsler Peter N. Nemetz 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1978,14(5):1094-1104
ABSTRACT: The hypothesis of this paper is that the frequently used regulatory practice which employs point estimates in water pollution control objectives, in combination with monitoring at infrequent intervals, is an inadequate scientific procedure for the measurement and control of pollution. The first part of this paper outlines the relevant sampling theory which applies to the measurement of effluent from industrial plants and describes the possible errors in sampling practice which currently affect the interpretation and enforcement of environmental standards. In the second part of the paper, the authors describe briefly the environmental significance of biological damage functions. In the final part of the paper, the authors recommend that existing pollution control regulations be restructured to be more efficient and effective in the protection of both corporate and social interests. By adopting two different approaches to regulation depending upon the nature of the appropriate damage functions and critical fish species, it is possible to reduce significantly the waste of resources. 相似文献
998.
David J. Schaeffer Harold W. Kerster Konanur G. Janardan 《Environmental management》1980,4(2):157-163
Effluent subsamples are usually aggregated into flow or time proportional samples before analysis. Although this provides information on average process conditions, that on process variability is lost by compositing. Fisher's information is defined and used to estimate the loss due to compositing. The results of simulations based on parameters derived from actual waste streams support the fact that random grabs serve as well as composite samples for monitoring purposes. These findings favor changes in regulatory practice to allow compliance to be demonstrated by grab sample averages. Reporting requirements based on moving averages are shown to be inferior to those based on averages taken over nonoverlapping time periods. 相似文献
999.
Rudolph A. Rosen 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1982,18(1):147-156
ABSTRACT: Automatic plankton samplers installed at two dams on the Connecticut River Continuously monitored crustacean zooplankton from October 1977 through 1979 and allowed a significant reduction in man-hours involved in an extensive sampling program. Automatic samplers efficiently sampled most species and size classes of crustacean zooplankton in a similar, but not consistently identical manner as a commonly used towed-net plankton sampler. The smallest sized zooplankton were captured more efficiently than the largest. Mesh selection and sampler avoidance exerted different influences on automatic samplers and towed nets. Future use of the samplers and direct comparison of results to results obtained by other methods was supported. 相似文献
1000.
Stanley G. Chamberlain Charles V. Beckers G. Paul Grimsrud Roger Don Shull 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1974,10(2):199-219
ABSTRACT: To assure attainment and maintenance of desired water quality levels in our rivers and streams, systematic monitoring must be performed. A preliminary phase of the design of water quality surveillance systems is the specification of sampling frequencies and station locations throughout the basin; that is, the development of an adequate space/time sampling plan. The purpose of this paper is to present some quantitative methods which have been developed to identify candidate sets of sampling frequencies and station locations, and to establish priorities for implementing the different frequencies and locations. These methods are useful in the cost/effectiveness trade-off analyses in surveillance system design, and are based on the surveillance system objective of pollution abatement in which it is desired to detect violations in state-federal water quality standards. A spatial priority measure is developed which is dependent both on the water quality profile in the stream and on the information obtained from monitoring stations located in other reaches. Also, a temporal sampling priority rating is presented which is a measure of the effectiveness of the surveillance system with respect to its ability to detect the violations in the standards. To illustrate the quantitative methods, the procedures are applied to the Wabash River Basin. 相似文献