Long-term engineering properties of recycled plastic lumber used in pier construction

Plastic lumber manufactured using post consumer waste plastic has been proposed as an acceptable material for use in the construction of docks, piers and bulkheads and is touted to outlast conventional wood products due to its strength, durability and resistance to rot. This study examines the long-term engineering properties of plastic lumber manufactured using post consumer waste plastic (TRIMAX, Ronkonkoma, NY). Plastic lumber profiles were used in the decking of a pier built in West Meadow Creek, Old Field, NY during December 1995. Samples of plastic lumber were removed from the deck of the pier periodically over a two-year period and returned to the laboratory for testing. Results of engineering tests showed the in-plane compression modulus (260±30 MPa), dimensional stability and the Shore D surface hardness (60±2) of plastic lumber removed from the pier remained similar to or greater than their pre-placement values. In contrast, significant changes in the modulus of elasticity of plastic lumber were measured with prolonged weathering. The modulus of elasticity of plastic lumber initially decreased from 1370 Pa to 750 Pa following 12 months weathering, a decrease equal to 45% of its pre-placement value and then increased during the second year to close to its initial value. The high variability in the modulus of elasticity should restrict the use of plastic lumber profiles to non-load bearing structural applications.     

影响三沟式氧化沟脱氮效果的2个重要参数

运行周期中反硝化运行和硝化运行的时间比ｔＤＮ／ｔＮ是平衡处理系统反硝化,硝化能力的重要参数,实验室条件下分别比较了ｔＤＮ／ｔＮ为０．２７,０．４０,０．４７,０．７５和１．０的５种不同组合的运行效果。结果表明,当ｔＤＮ／ｔＮ为０．４０时,即硝化能力略大于反硝化潜能时,脱氮效果最好。     

3种人工湿地基质材料对氨氮的吸附特性

对陶粒、石英砂和砾石这3种人工湿地基质材料进行了氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）吸附特性研究.通过扫描电镜和BET比表面积分析仪对材料进行表征分析,发现陶粒表面相比石英砂和砾石更为粗糙,内部孔隙也较发达,陶粒（18.97 m²·g^-1）比表面积高于石英砂和砾石.在纯氨氮溶液和模拟污水厂出水一级B标准的混合溶液中,3种基质对NH₄⁺-N的吸附能力均表现为：陶粒>砾石>石英砂.陶粒对NH₄⁺-N的饱和吸附容量在混合溶液中最大（63.55 mg·g^-1）.陶粒对NH₄⁺-N的吸附过程符合伪二级动力学模型（在纯氨氮溶液中R²为0.99、在混合溶液中R²为0.98）.在纯氨氮溶液中运用Freundlich和Langmuir模型对等温吸附试验结果进行拟合,发现Freundlich模型（R²=0.93）描述陶粒的吸附特性比Langmuir模型更为精确（R²为0.93）,表明陶粒对NH₄⁺-N的吸附为多层吸附.综上所述,陶粒的吸附容量较强,在混合溶液中吸附容量较纯氨氮溶液增大了31%,适用于作为人工湿地基质填料.     

硫酸含汞问题的追踪研究

以辽宁省最大的硫酸生产企业（辽西某锌厂）为研究对象,剖析了硫酸含汞问题的来源,论述了该厂原料、中间产品、最终产品、车间内外环境汞的污染状况。并论述了使用该厂硫酸的十大企业的中间产品、最终产品的含汞状况,给出了厂内外环境受汞污染的测定结果,研究表明含汞硫酸污染问题是急待解决的重要问题。     

还田秸秆配施外源纤维素酶效应研究

为探求促进秸秆降解的新途径,采用室内培养法研究了外源纤维素酶对秸秆降解速率及土壤速效养分的影响。结果表明,整个培养期内,小麦秸秆,玉米秸秆加酶处理与不加酶处理降解率都存在极显著差异(p<0.01),到培养结束时小麦秸秆加酶处理降解率高出不加酶处理7.10%～11.86%,玉米秸秆高出8.01%～14.04%;整个培养期内,小麦秸秆,玉米秸秆加酶处理与不加酶处理间土壤速效氮、磷、钾含量都存在极显著差异(p<0.01),培养结束时,小麦秸秆最优处理速效氮、磷、钾含量高出对照4.15mg·kg-1,3.60mg·kg-1,32.35mg·kg-1,玉米秸秆高出6.50mg·kg-1,4.27mg·kg-1,47.97mg·kg-1。结果说明添加外源纤维素酶能够提高秸秆降解速率,促进秸秆养分矿化。     

塑料给水管材的选用分析

给水工程中如何根据不同的场合选用合适的塑料给水管材,本文从可靠性、使用寿命和工程造价等方面进行了阐述.     

石墨烯氧化物气凝胶修饰金属阳极促进微生物燃料电池的产电性能

微生物燃料电池（microbial fuel cell,MFC）阳极的比表面积、生物相容性以及导电性被认为是影响微生物燃料电池产电性能的关键因素。三维金属阳极因其导电性强、比表面积较二维电极材料大等优点可用来取代碳基电极。为了提高微生物燃料电池的产电性能,本研究选用2种具有三维结构的不锈钢刷（SSB）和泡沫镍（Ni-foam）为金属阳极基材,并将石墨烯氧化物（GO）通过一步冷冻干燥法合成石墨烯氧化物气凝胶复合金属电极（GOA-SSB/Ni-foam）,将其作为阳极进行MFC的产电性能研究。结果显示：在MFC运行中,GOA-SSB和GOA-Ni-foam作为阳极,最大功率密度分别达到490和119 mW·m-2,比未修饰SSB和Ni-foam提高8.1和5.5倍。扫描电镜（SEM）表征显示三维复合金属阳极表面附着的微生物量远高于未修饰电极,且未修饰的SSB和Ni-foam电极表面较GOA-SSB和GOA-Ni-foam电极表面腐蚀更严重,说明GOA不仅可提升阳极比表面积、生物相容性还可减缓阳极基材的腐蚀。电化学阻抗（EIS）结果表明GOA-SSB和GOA-Ni-foam阳极相比于未修饰阳极能够极大的降低传荷电阻,证实GOA修饰阳极加快了电子传递速率。另外,拉曼（Raman）表征显示Shewanella oneidensis MR-1菌可原位还原GOA,佐证了GOA修饰阳极运行后欧姆内阻降低的原因。     

不同后整理工艺方法对袋式除尘器滤料过滤性能的影响

选取6种不同后整理方法处理的涤纶针刺滤料,通过实验研究探索不同后整理方法对袋式除尘器滤料过滤性能的影响关系。结果表明:过滤效率方面,在1 m/min过滤风速下,6种滤料对粒径≥0.26 μm的颗粒物的分级过滤效率分别为轧光滤料≥47.74%、烧毛-轧光滤料≥54.82%、PTFE涂层滤料≥65.14%、PTFE浸渍≥61.86%、覆膜滤料≥97.54%、抗静电滤料≥49.09%,PTFE覆膜、涂层、浸渍后整理方法对滤料过滤效率的提高有显著作用;过滤阻力方面,PTFE覆膜、浸渍滤料的过滤阻力远大于其他4种滤料,PTFE覆膜、浸渍后整理方法可大幅增大滤料过滤阻力,而其他4种后整理方法对滤料过滤阻力的影响差距不大;过滤品质因数方面,品质因数Q值由大到小为:PTFE涂层滤料 > 抗静电滤料 > 烧毛-轧光滤料 > 轧光滤料 > 覆膜滤料 > PTFE浸渍滤料,综合滤料的过滤效率和阻力因素,涂层后整理方法可使滤料具有低阻高效的性能特征。     

Polymeric Complexes from Casein and Starch Phosphate: Characteristics and Enzyme Susceptibility

Novel biodegradable materials were prepared from potato starch enriched in phosphato moieties (DS 0.018 and 0.033) and casein in defatted milk. The components were blended in proportions providing starch: casein ratios of 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2 and were then precipitated with hydrochloric acid. Aqueous solubility, water-binding capacity, infrared spectra, and thermal analysis (thermogravimetry[7] and differential thermogravimetry of the precipitates revealed that they were not simple physical mixtures of the components. The components interacted with one another electrostatically with involvement of the phosphate groups of starch and the peptide bond of casein, as documented by infrared spectra. Because of insolubility in 7 M aqueous urea solution, they might also be considered as complexes in which the components were chemically bound.     

官地水电站竹子坝料场高边坡的稳定性分析及其影响因数研究

竹子坝料场是官地水电站混凝土浇筑骨料的重要来源之一。结合竹子坝料场的地形地质情况,以及料场开挖后形成的东、南、西三段人工边坡,运用刚体极限平衡的方法进行稳定性分析及其影响因数的研究。