Effects of simulated acid rain on cation release in soils of South China

This paper deals with the release of base cations and Al3+ at the treatment with simulated acid rain (SAR) in main soil types collected from South China. Results showed that the amounts of base cations increased obviously when the pH value of simulated acid rain was lower than 3.0 or 3.5. Compared with the leaching of K+ and Na+, the leaching of Ca2+ and Mg2+ was affected by the pH value of SAR. Only when the amounts of base cations leached from soils exceeded the cation exchange capacity, the pH value of leaching solutions decreased sharply and the amounts of released Al3+ increased. The H+ buffering mechanisms, which were affected notonly by the pH values of SAR, but also by the types and solid components of soils, were proposed for the main soils studied.     

The buffering effects of aquatic sediments against acidic deposition

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大气污染对儿童唾液溶菌酶含量的影响

本文分析了重庆市大气污染(SO_2、NO_x、TSP)的特征,报导重污染区儿童唾液溶菌酶含量明显低于相对污染区(P<0.00001),污染区儿童体内免疫功能下降;发现暴露于两种或两种以上因素(酸沉降物、被动吸烟、燃煤)时,对儿童唾液溶菌酶含量的影响远大于它们单一因素的作用(P<0.00001),经逐步回归分析,得Y=401.6869-68.1306X_5-42.3868X_1-20.8466X_4(r=0.7681,F值=185.08,P<0.00001);并针对重庆市大气污染的具体情况,提出一些有意义的建议措施。     

Chance-constrained programming (CCP)abatement of SO_2 emission for acid deposition control in Liuzhou City

A deterministic linear programming model which optimizes the abatement of each SO2 emission source, is extended into a CCP form by introducing equations of probabilistic constrained through the incorporation of uncertainty in the source-receptor-specific transfer coefficients. Based on the calculation of SO2 and sulfate average residence time for Liuzhou City, a sulfur deposition model has been developed and the distribution of transfer coefficients have been found to be approximately log-normal. Sulfur removal minimization of the model shows that the abatement of emission sources in the city is more effective, while control cost optimization provides the lowest cost programmes for source abatement at each allowable deposition limit under varied environmental risk levels. Finally a practicable programme is recommended.     

高镁铝合金在喷射成形过程中显微组织的变化

研究了高镁铝合金在喷射成形过程中显微组织的变化。沉积态高镁铝合金基体呈全部等轴晶组织并存在少量显微孔洞是沉积态组织的主要特征。分析了等轴晶组织和显微孔洞在喷射成形中生成的机制。     

火电厂烟气脱硫工艺国产化初探

火电厂排放的SO2形成酸雨已严重危害人类生存环境。国家把解决烟气脱硫问题纳入大政方针之中，强制要求火电厂必须安装烟气脱硫装置。文章介绍了几种目前国际上较为成熟的脱硫工艺，并对各种工艺进行了比较，分析了国内烟气脱硫市场，并就脱硫技术国产化问题提出若干看法。     

青岛地区总悬浮颗粒物中金属元素沉降通量

于2001 05～2002 04在青岛近海三个采样点采集了100多个大气气溶胶样品,用ICP测定了元素Al、Fe、Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn的浓度,讨论了这几种元素入海通量的季节变化和年平均值。结果表明,三类地壳元素春季在青岛近岸海域的沉降通量占全年的50%以上,而夏季不到10%;Cu秋季≈冬季(各占30%左右)>春季>夏季;Pb、Zn四季沉降通量的变化规律为冬季>春季>秋季>夏季。     

化学混凝-SBR法处理肉禽屠宰废水的研究

针对肉禽屠宰废水的特点，采取了先混凝后生化的处理方法。在实验中确定了最佳混凝剂和最佳工艺条件。实验结果表明，采取此方法处理肉禽屠宰废水，其各项指标可达国家规定的排放标准。     

Occurence and Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Ankara Precipitation

Urban atmospheric environment contains many trace organic pollutants that are related to the incomplete fuel combustion in domestic heating, industrial plants and automobile traffic. Removal of these pollutants from the atmosphere takes place through wet and dry deposition as well as chemical transformations. In this study, concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wet deposition samples were determined at an urban site of Turkey. Wet and dry deposition samples were collected using Andersen Rain Sampler. The sampler was modified accordingly for the collection of organic pollutants. Collected samples were preconcentrated by using solid phase extraction (SPE) disks and consecutively analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Among the 13 compounds quantified in this study, anthracene, fluoranthene, and pyrene were found more frequently and at elevated concentrations (202, 271 and 260 ng L^-1 mean concentrations, respectively).Concentrations of PAHs were found to be high in winter period.     

SEDIMENT OXYGEN DEMAND IN THE ARROYO COLORADO RIVER1

ABSTRACT: The lower reaches of the Arroyo Colorado have historically failed to meet their use under subsection 303(b) of the U.S. Clean Water Act due to fecal coliform bacteria and low dissolved oxygen (DO). Fish kills, especially at the tidal confluence at the Port of Harlingen, Texas, have been reported. Oxygen demand from sediment (SOD) for a river typically has two states‐diffusion limited SOD (SOD) and potential SOD (pSOD), expressed when sediment is resuspended through increased flow or other disturbances. The objective of this research was to measure SOD in the Arroyo Colorado River in situ, estimate pSOD ex situ, and evaluate the relationship between SOD and the depositional environment. We measured SOD and pSOD in the Arroyo Colorado River at up to eight sites over three sampling events. We identified the sample sites based on a modified Rosgen geomorphic index for streambed stabilization. Sites with high sediment deposition potential had high SOD. The average values of SOD between sites were 0.62 g/m²/day (standard deviation 0.38 g/m²/day) and ranged from 0.13 to 1.2 g/m²/day. Potential SOD values ranged from as low as 19.2 to as high as 2,779 g/m³ sediment/ day. Potential SOD can serve as an indicator of the possible impact of SOD from resuspended sediment in stream systems.