餐饮源油烟中PM2.5的化学组分特征

集中分析了餐饮无组织排放源(街边小吃、火锅店、露天烧烤)及有组织排放源(10家大中型餐馆)油烟PM_2.5中的TC(总碳)、元素组分、离子组分和16种PAHs,得到了各类餐饮源油烟PM_2.5的化学组成特征,建立了餐饮源油烟化学成分谱. 结果表明:各餐饮源油烟的ρ(PM_2.5)是大气背景值的3~42倍,其中露天烧烤油烟的ρ(PM_2.5)最高,达5 659.8 μg/m3. 不同餐饮源油烟的PM_2.5中各化学组分均为w(TC)(38.1%~75.8%)＞w(元素组分)(4.5%~27.0%)＞w(离子组分)(2.7%~22.6%),并且ρ(PM_2.5)与w(TC)呈显著正相关(R=0.84). 菲(PHE)、芘(PYR)、荧蒽(FLT)的质量分数在各类餐饮源油烟的PAHs中均普遍较高,分别为13.8%~21.6%、9.2%~26.5%、6.9%~22.0%.大中型餐馆油烟的PAHs中苯并苝(BPE)的质量分数最高(27.5%),而在其他餐饮源中均小于6.7%;(CHR)的质量分数最低(3.3%),而在其他餐饮源中均大于5.3%. 露天烧烤油烟的PAHs中芘、荧蒽的质量分数分别是其他餐饮源的2.7和2.3倍以上;萘(NAP)的质量分数(0.3%)较小,但在其他餐饮源中均大于11.4%,可以作为特定餐饮源油烟的特征物种.      

应用IVE模型计算上海市机动车污染物排放

为了解上海市机动车污染现状,建立上海市机动车源排放清单,分别选择上海市中心城区、商业区和收入相对较低区域中的主干道、快速道和次干道3种共9条典型道路,开展机动车技术水平参数、比功率(VSP)分布状况、启动状况等测试,并在此基础上将International Vehicle E-mission(IVE)模型本地化.调查结果表明,上海市区实际道路上轻型客车、出租车、公交巴士、卡车和摩托车(包含助动车)分别占道路总车流量的41.0%、30.8%、15.6%、6.9%和5.7%;从技术组成看,约85%的轻型客车和97%的出租车均安装有三元催化装置,约30%的公交巴士和90%的卡车没有达到欧Ⅰ标准;机动车的VSP分布主要集中在-2.9～1.2 kw·t-1.模式计算结果表明,2004年上海市机动车CO、VOC、NOx和PM排放量分别为57.06×104t、7.75×104t、9.20×104t和0.26×104t;20%的高排放车对总排放量的贡献占到25%～45%;启动过程中排放的CO、VOC和PM占总排放量的15%～25%,NOx仅占总排放量的4.5%.     

Linking permit markets multilaterally

We formally study the determinants, magnitude and distribution of efficiency gains generated in multilateral linkages between permit markets. We provide two novel decomposition results for these gains, characterize individual preferences over linking groups and show that our results are largely unaltered with strategic domestic emissions cap selection or when banking and borrowing are allowed. Using the Paris Agreement pledges and power sector emissions data of five countries which all use or considered using both emissions trading and linking, we quantify the efficiency gains. We find that the computed gains can be sizable and are split roughly equally between effort and risk sharing.     

The explosion of non-nano iron dust suspension in the 20-l spherical bomb

The understanding of dust explosion is still incomplete because of the lack of reliable data and accurate models accounting for all the physic-chemical aspects. Besides, most of the experimental data available in the current literature has been accumulated on the 20-l spherical bomb tests, which gives coarse results for the pressure history that cannot be easily converted into fundamental combustion parameters. Nevertheless, the large amount of experimental data available in the spherical bomb is attractive. In this work, the explosion of non-nano iron dust in the standard spherical vessel is analyzed, aiming at evaluating the burning velocity from the theoretical point of view and the simple experiments performed by the standard explosion tests. The choice of iron is of relevance because its adiabatic flame temperature is below the boiling temperature of both the reactants and oxidized gaseous, liquid, or solid (intermediate and final) products and for the negligible particle porosity, which instead is typical of organic dust. Therefore, a non-nano iron dust explosion can be reconducted to a reduced mechanism since heterogeneous (surface) combustion may be determinant, and the diffusion mechanism for oxygen is the only relevant. The laminar burning velocity is strongly dependant on the particle diameter, whereas little effects are due to the dust concentration. The reported final value was found in agreement with typical limiting laminar burning velocity, adopted for the estimation of flammability limits.     

Relating meteorological variables and trends in motor vehicle emissions to monthly urban carbon monoxide concentrations

A model which quantifies the relationship between the monthly time series for CO emissions, the monthly time series in ambient CO concentration, and meteorologically driven dispersion was developed. Fifteen cities representing a wide range of geographical and climatic conditions were selected. An eight-year time series (1984–1991 inclusive) of monthly averaged data were examined in each city. A new method of handling missing ambient concentration values which is designed to calculate city-wide average concentrations that follow the trend seen at individual monitor sites is presented. This method is general and can be used in other applications involving missing data. The model uses emissions estimates along with two meteorological variables (wind speed and mixing height) to estimate monthly averages of ambient air pollution concentrations. The model is shown to have a wide range of applicability; it works equally well for a wide range of cities that have very different temporal CO distributions. The model is suited for assessing long-term trends in ambient air pollutants and can also be used for estimating seasonal variations in concentration, estimation of trends in emissions, and for filling in gaps in the ambient concentration record.     

Equity Concerns over Climate Change Mitigation

As a complicated concept with ethical implications, equity or fairness in the field of climate change mitigation concerns the relations not only between individual human beings but also between human beings and the nature. In this paper, after the review of equity between individuals, market and non-market attributes of emissions rights are distinguished and discussed. Based on the argument of equal per capita emissions rights, three types of emissions rights and the concept of minimum emissions rights as social security are proposed.     

遥感监测在汽车排气检测中的应用

介绍了激光遥感监测的工作原理，遥感监测技术在汽车排气检测中的应用。并对所监测的数据作了简要的分析。     

污染气象与火电厂除尘效率关系探讨

秦岭淮河以南地区具有平原型气象特征，大气污染扩散有其地域性规律。大型火力发电厂在地方大气污染防治中有着举足轻重的地位。探讨平原型污染气象与火电厂除尘效率的关系，寻求大气污染物 总量控制的途径。     

CDS—Ⅱ系列除尘脱硫一体化装置

根据我国的国情开发、研制了CDS-Ⅱ系列除尘、脱硫一体化装置，论述了该装置研制的原则，介绍了该装置的技术指标及特点，并用实例加以说明。     

刚玉冶炼电炉烟尘回收的环境意义

电弧炉冶炼棕刚玉过程中产生大量烟尘，排放到大气中严重污染环境。为全面评估刚玉冶炼电炉烟尘对环境的影响，本文对贵州某厂３０００ＫＶＡ及７５００ＫＶＡ两组电炉，采用电收尘及布袋收尘前后的１２个状态和２４个系列进行预测计算与分析，结果表明；采用电收尘或布袋收尘后，电炉周围的大气环境质量显著改善，由三级的恶劣状态变为一级的优良状态。