Reduction of SO2 Emissions by Ammonia Gas During Staged Combustion

To reduce SO2 emissions, ammonia gas was injected into a coal-fired fluidized-bed combustor under staged commbustion condition. The combustor was 2 m high with a 30 cm static bed height and a freeboard height of 170 cm. The ammonia gas was injected at 52 cm and 65 cm above the distributor, which had a temperature of ca. 700 °C, by an uncooled stainless-steel tube injector. The experiments investigated the effects of ammonia gas injection on sulphur dioxide emissions at staged conditions, varying the: (i) excess air level, (ii) secondary air ratio, (iii) fluidizing velocity, (iv) ammonia injection position, and (v) the ammonia : sulphur dioxide molar ratio.A maximum reduction of 66% in SO2 emissions was found at 40% excess air, 65 : 35 staging, 1.5 m/s fluidizing velocity, 65 cm injection height, and an NH3 : SO2 molar ratio of 1.2. The onset of SO2 reduction occurred at an NH3 : SO2 ratio of 0.5. The fluidizing velocity, excess air, level of staging, and ammonia injection height all have a significant influence on SO2 reduction.It is difficult to determine how the SO2 reduction varies with the operating conditions when ammonia is injected in the high temperature zone of the combustor. As sulphur oxides-ammonia reactions are low temperature reactions, the findings confirm the occurrence of reactions above the freeboard or near the exit to the cyclone.     

F-T合成技术生产替代燃料对环境的影响及对策

主要介绍了F-T合成柴油的特性,阐述了其作为清洁能源的优越性;利用生命周期清单分析方法,比较了以煤、生物质及天然气为原料采用F-T合成技术生产替代能源的工艺路线前提下,在提取生产、转化精炼、运输分配、最终用途燃烧、全部燃料链各阶段温室气体排放情况,提出了温室气体的减排对策。     

计算机内灰尘有机物污染调查

通过分析从不同场所收集来的计算机内灰尘样品,以了解计算机内灰尘中有机物污染情况,以及主要有机污染物的成分和浓度,并探讨了计算机内灰尘中有机物的来源和成因。     

Supercritical water oxidation for the destruction of toxic organic wastewaters： A review

The destruction of toxic organic wastewaters from munitions demilitarization and complex industrial chemical clearly becomes an overwhelming problem if left to conventional treatment processes. Two options, incineration and supercritical water oxidation （SCWO）, exist for the complete destruction of toxic organic wastewaters. Incinerator has associated problems such as very high cost and public resentment; on the other hand, SCWO has proved to be a very promising method for the treatment of many different wastewaters with extremely efficient organic waste destruction 99.99% with none of the emissions associated with incineration. In this review, the concepts of SCWO, result and present perspectives of application, and industrial status of SCWO are critically examined and discussed.     

中国电池生产用汞量及潜在汞散失量估算

从含汞电池的生产与消费、单位电池含汞量的估算、电池生产用汞量及潜在汞散失量的估算3个方面,对1992～1999年我国电池生产用汞量和潜在汞散失量进行了分析。结果表明,1992～1999年期间我国电池生产用汞量先减后增再减,其中2个高峰分别为1992年的679.5t和1997年的974.3t;潜在汞散失量呈上升趋势,1999年达801.7t。因此,我国电池引起的汞污染问题不容忽视。     

不同种类有机肥施用对稻田CH4和N2O排放的综合影响

以麦茬稻田为对象,研究基肥施用不同有机肥对稻田CH₄和N₂O排放的综合影响.结果表明:有机肥施用对稻田CH₄和N₂O排放的季节变化模式无明显影响,但影响其排放量.与施用化肥(化肥处理)相比,施用菜饼+化肥(菜饼处理)促进CH₄和N₂O的排放,其季节排放总量分别增加了252%和22%;施用小麦秸秆+化肥(秸秆处理)和牛厩肥+化肥(牛厩肥处理)明显增加CH₄排放,增加量分别为250%和45%,同时却减少N₂O排放,分别减少18%和21%;施用猪厩肥+化肥(猪厩肥处理)降低CH₄和N₂O的排放,分别降低4%和18%.对CH4和N₂O排放的综合温室效应分析表明,菜饼和秸秆处理的全球增温潜势(GWP)约为化肥处理的2.5倍,牛厩肥和化肥处理基本持平,但施用猪厩肥可减少10%～15%.各处理的GWP从高到低依次为菜饼、秸秆、牛厩肥、化肥和猪厩肥.单位产量的GWP以秸秆处理最高,菜饼次之,牛厩肥比化肥处理略高,猪厩肥处理最低.从本生长季来看,猪厩肥的施用对于实现环境效益与生产效益的协调发展具有一定作用.     

Laboratory-scale study of the suppression of PCDD/F emission during coal and MSW co-incineration

The experimental test of co-incinerating Chinese raw municipal solid waste （MSW） and coal in a laboratory-scale tubular reactor was first reported in present study, and the emission of normal gas components and the effects of the S/Cl molar ratio or coal mixing percentages on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans （PCDDs/Fs） emission were investigated and discussed. The results indicated that OCDD was the only PCDD homologues since others like TCDD-HpCDD was hardly detected, while as the categories of PCDF homologues were comparatively much more general. The amount of PCDD was much larger than that of PCDF in all operating conditions. Since ZPCDF/∑PCDD〈〈1, the dominant role of the precursor formation was proven in our experimental conductions. With increasing the coal addition to MSW （from 0 to 16%）, PCDD and PCDF were reduced considerably. Coal and MSW may suppress the PCDD/F emissions efficiently （over 95%） during the MSW incineration process. The PCDD/F suppression results of the present study could be helpful guidance to the industrial application of Chinese MSW and auxiliary coal co-incineration processes. The PCDD/F stack emission data of two industrial incinerators using co-incineration technology in China seem to have a great positive reduction of PCDDs/Fs.     

醇类汽油车醇醛酮、芳香烃和烯烃类排放的试验研究

在两辆试验车上分别燃用纯汽油、M15、M30燃料以及纯汽油、E10、E20燃料,进行了常温25℃Ⅰ型、低温-7℃Ⅵ型和Ⅳ型蒸发排放试验.通过FTIR、HPLC、GC-MS等多种方法联合测量了醇类汽油车的醇醛酮、芳香烃和烯烃类排放.结果表明,不论是在常温还是在低温下,随着燃料中醇类比例的增加,未燃甲醇、甲醛、乙醛排放成比例地增加,苯、甲苯、乙烯、丙烯、1,3-丁二烯和异丁烯排放略有降低.在低温环境温度下,各种非常规污染物的排放明显高于在常温环境温度下.E10、汽油、M15这3种燃料在整个蒸发排放试验过程中的HC排放量相差不大.3种燃料在昼间呼吸试验中的各种非常规污染物蒸发排放差异值较小.     

ArcGIS在大气污染源排放清单建立中的应用研究

以重工业城市唐山为例,在收集已有排放源数据的同时,结合唐山市环境空气质量状况,利用地理信息系统(ArcGIS)对污染企业的位置及污染物排放量、浓度参数建立网格模型,采用反距离权重法及区位商法对污染源及污染物的空间分布进行估算分析,形成准确完善的多尺度、高时空分辨率大气污染源排放清单.为京津冀地区区域大气污染联防联控及2020年大气污染物区域消减计划打下数据基础.     

燃煤电厂重金属排放与周边土壤中重金属污染特征及健康风险

为揭示燃煤电厂烟气中重金属排放对周边土壤环境的影响.以石家庄地区6座燃煤电厂为研究对象,测定了燃煤电厂烟囱入口烟气中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Hg和Ni这7种重金属元素,同时对电厂周边土壤中重金属含量进行了测试分析,并对其进行了源解析和健康风险评价.结果表明,各燃煤电厂烟气经过一系列烟气污染物控制措施净化后,烟气中不同重金属元素的排放量范围为0.11~6.32 mg ·（MW ·h）^-1,Cu、Cr和Ni是主要排放污染物.各电厂向大气环境中排放的7种重金属元素总量在33.56~275.71 kg ·a^-1之间.燃煤电厂周边表层土壤中Cr、Cu、Pb、Hg和Ni这5种重金属元素含量平均值均高于河北土壤背景值,且超出背景值1.16~2.32倍.电厂周边土壤中重金属含量与烟气中重金属排放量具有一定相关性.不同风向上土壤中重金属含量随距电厂距离的增大,呈现出先增大后逐渐减小趋势.源解析表明煤炭燃烧排放对电厂周边土壤重金属的贡献率最大,达到41.4%,其次为工业排放,占比为23.6%,交通运输排放占比为19.6%.总而言之,人为活动对土壤重金属富集起主导作用,约占84.6%.健康风险评估显示电厂周边土壤中重金属元素的健康风险整体处于可接受范围内.