The Multiple Benchmark System Application to Indonesia,Russia and Panama

Joint Implementation (JI) and theClean Development Mechanism (CDM) have beenestablished under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Kyoto Protocol asproject-based instruments to mitigategreenhouse gases of the industrialisedcountries to the levels imposed by theirKyoto commitments. An outstanding issueassociated with the implementation of thesetwo flexibility mechanisms concerns thechoice of appropriate baseline forcalculating the emission reductions. Thispaper applies a computerised tool thatconstructs and compares different types ofstandardised baselines for projects inIndonesia, Panama and the RussianFederation. It evaluates the effects of theselection of different baselines to theenvironmental integrity of the two Kyotomechanisms.     

The Monitoring,Evaluation, Reporting and Verification of Climate Change Projects

Because of concerns with the growing threat of global climate change from increasing emissions of greenhouse gases, the United States and other countries are implementing, by themselves or in cooperation with one or more other nations, climate change projects. These projects will reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions or sequester carbon, and will also result in non-GHG benefits (i.e., environmental, economic, and social benefits). Monitoring, evaluating, reporting, and verifying (MERV) guidelines are needed for these projects to accurately determine their net GHG, and other, benefits. Implementation of MERV guidelines is also intended to: (1) increase the reliability of data for estimating GHG benefits; (2) provide real-time data so that mid-course corrections can be made; (3) introduce consistency and transparency across project types and reporters; and (4) enhance the credibility of the projects with stakeholders. In this paper, we review the issues involved in MERV activities. We identify several topics that future protocols and guidelines need to address, such as: (1) establishing a credible baseline; (2) accounting for impacts outside project boundaries through leakage; (3) net GHG reductions and other benefits; (4) precision of measurement; (5) MERV frequency and the persistence (sustainability) of savings, emissions reduction, and carbon sequestration; (6) reporting by multiple project participants; (7) verification of GHG reduction credits; (8) uncertainty and risk; (9) institutional capacity in conducting MERV; and (10) the cost of MERV.     

关于卫生防护距离问题的探讨

本文通过水泥厂粉尘卫生防护距离的计算实例，比较、分析了国标推荐的两种计算方法的结果．表明ＧＢ／Ｔ１３２０１－９１计算较ＧＢ３８４０－８３结果偏高．进一步分析说明，ＧＢ３８４０－８３方法缺点在于当污染源等效半径超过２００ｍ时，缺少最大防护距离与规化源强间的对应数据．而ＧＢ／Ｔ１３２０１－９１方法的缺点在于未考虑污染源与居住区的空间关系．     

倾斜烟羽模式最大地面浓度出现位置的求解

对于粒径大于１５μｍ的尘粒子，我国环境技术标准中建议使用倾斜烟羽模式对其浓度作预测和估计。文章对该模式进行敢适当的转化，利用数值分析中的迭代法和最小二乘拟合法，拟合出不同粒径的尘粒子在不同稳定度，风速条件下出现最大地面浓度的位置，同时与Ｇａｕｓｓ扩散模式中出现最大地面浓度位置的关系进行了探讨。     

降尘和酸雨对土壤蔬菜系统影响的研究

土壤蔬菜系统常受到降尘和酸雨的交替污染。但不同的土壤蔬菜系统对大气降尘的酸雨的反应不同。酸雨和降尘的复合污染比单因子污染的危害更大。本文通过模拟重庆市酸雨和降尘，研究了以上生态环境效应及其产生的原因。     

Carbon emissions from land-use change: an analysis of causal factors in Chiapas, Mexico

This study examines the correlation between deforestation, carbon dioxide emissions and potential causal factors of land-use change within an area of 2.7 million ha in Chiapas, southern Mexico between 1975 and 1996. Digitized land-use maps and interpreted satellite images were used to quantify land-use changes. Geo-referenced databases of population and digitized maps of roads and topography were used to determine which factors could be used to explain observed changes in land-use. The study analyzed the relationship between carbon emissions during this period and two types of possible causal factors: “predisposing” factors that determine the susceptibility of a particular area of forest to change (slope, distance to agriculture and roads, land tenure) and “driving” factors representing the pressures for change (population density, poverty). The correlated factors were combined in risk matrices, which show the proportion of vulnerable carbon stocks lost in areas with defined social, economic and environmental characteristics. Such matrices could be used to predict future deforestation rates and provide a verifiable evidence-base for defining baseline carbon emissions for forest conservation projects. Based on the results of the analysis, two matrices were constructed, using population density as the single most important driving factor and distance from roads and distance from agriculture as the two alternatives for the predisposing factors of deforestation.     

铸造落砂工部粉尘污染与治理

阐述了铸造落砂工部粉尘的产生及对环境的污染．通过沈阳第一机床厂铸造车间大型工段除尘改造，介绍了利用密闭式除尘罩对落砂机进行除尘及选择适合的集尘装置，组成合理的除尘系统，取得了较好的除尘效果．还介绍了对灰尘的排放加强管理，设计了升降式卸灰溜槽，指定专用罐车外运灰尘，使环境得到了净化．     

三相流化床气体净化技术及其应用研究

介绍了丰相流化床气体净化技术的机理，研究了净化２种不同性质的工业气体所采取的措施。结果表明，该技术对大流量工业气体的净化，特别对纸浆厂备料车间的尾气处理和燃煤电厂的烟气除尘脱硫，具有非常明显的竞争优势。     

催化剂生产过程粉尘治理对策

粉尘已成为催化剂生产企业的主要职业病危害因素。通过点对点除尘,采用气力输送及新的密闭自动化工艺,现场无组织粉尘可控制在较好水平,8 h加权平均浓度均在1. 0 mg/m^3以下;通过采用旋风分离、袋式过滤、超重力湿法洗涤及云式除尘等技术,对催化剂生产过程尾气进行治理,可将粉尘浓度稳定降低至20 mg/m^3以下,实现达标排放。并提出应尽量设计连续流程,注重采用新设备、新工艺,从源头解决粉尘问题。     

燃煤电厂的除尘、脱硫、脱硝技术

综述了国内外燃煤电厂除尘、脱硫、脱硝技术与设备,及其我国的发展趋势。