生物化学协同除磷研究

采用聚合硅酸铝和聚合硅酸铁两种混凝剂,比较了将混凝剂直接投加到反应器中和对生物反应器出水再进行混凝沉淀2种工艺的除磷效果,并对2种混凝剂的除磷效果进行了比较.结果表明:对于聚合硅酸铝,没有生物协同作用;对于聚合硅酸铁,投加量在40 mg/L以下时具有生物协同作用,30 mg/L时协同作用最明显;而且聚合硅酸铁的除磷效果好于聚合硅酸铝.     

电极材料对电解法处理循环式准好氧垃圾填埋场渗滤液效果的影响研究

分别用3种不同材料电极（不锈钢、Ti／Pt和Ti／RuO2-IrO2）作阳极、石墨电极作阴极在同一条件下分别对循环式准好氧填埋垃圾场渗滤液进行电解处理对比研究。研究结果表明，随着电解时间的变化，渗滤液中的COD、BOD5、BOD5／COD、重金属离子浓度、色度和pH值均会发生改变。当电解时间为10—20min时，用上述3种电极作阳极电解均会出现渗滤液COD、BOD5、BOD5／COD增大的现象；当电解时间为30—40min时，用Ti／RuO2-IrO2或Ti／Pt电极作阳极电解均可使渗滤液的色度降为0；当电解时间为120min时，分别用3种电极作阳极电解都可使渗滤液中的COD、BOD5和重金属得到有效的去除，其中用Ti／RuO2-IrO2电极作阳极电解对COD、BOD5的去除效果最好：用Ti／Pt电极作阳极电解对Pb^2＋的去除效果最好。     

青霉菌HHE-P7利用酱油废水产生微生物絮凝剂的研究

研究了微生物絮凝剂产生菌HHE-P7在酱油废水中产生微生物絮凝剂的絮凝特性。实验表明，酱油废水由于碳源丰富，是一种良好的培养基。HHE-P7菌最佳培养条件为：COD20000mg／L，K2HP041．0g／L，培养3d。最佳絮凝条件为在1L高岭土水中投加10～15mL微生物絮凝剂（MBF7），pH调至9，则絮凝率为90％以上；微生物絮凝荆在水系中主要起吸附架桥的作用。     

水源水中摇蚊幼虫的孳生与生态控制

摇蚊幼虫(红虫)在城市供水系统中的出现,成为困扰水厂正常生产运行的又一水处理难题.首先对其生理特性与环境因子之间的关系进行了论述,然后从生态学角度出发,利用生态群落中的食物链关系,分析了富营养化水体中摇蚊幼虫大量孳生的原因.在此基础上提出了利用合理的生物操纵技术,通过鱼类与水生生物间的"下行效应",以达到恢复生态平衡并控制摇蚊幼虫孳生为目的的生态治理方案.     

浸渍改性活性碳纤维吸附氮氧化物性能

为实现新风在通过空调进入室内前已被优化的目的, 搭建了一套开式循环系统。通过对活性碳纤维进行浸渍改性, 采用比表面测定、SEM观察、XPS分析、傅里叶变换红外谱图分析对改性前后活性碳纤维进行了表征; 定量研究了室外氮氧化物初始浓度、温度和风速等环境因素对改性前后活性碳纤维吸附氮氧化物效率的影响。结果表明, 改性对活性碳纤维表面活性官能团种类、含氧官能团数量、表面微观结构及比表面积等特性均有显著影响, 提高了其对氮氧化物的吸附效率; 室外初始浓度、风速、温度对改性前后活性碳纤维吸附氮氧化物效率的变化趋势基本一致; 改性前后活性碳纤维对氮氧化物的吸附率随初始浓度的升高而逐渐降低, 随过滤器处风速增大先升高后降低, 随过滤器处温度的升高先升高后降低。改性后活性碳纤维对空气中氮氧化物的吸附率明显提高, 可以将其应用于空调系统中。     

Synergetic effects of anodic-cathodic electrocatalysis for phenol degradation in the presence of iron(II)

A novel electrocatalysis method for phenol degradation was described using a β-PbO₂ anode modified with fluorine resin and a Ni–Cr–Ti alloy cathode. In case of air sparging at the cathodic zone, the techniques of anodic–cathodic electrocatalysis (ACEC) and ferrous ion catalyzed anodic–cathodic electrocatalysis (FACEC) in the presence of iron(II) were developed. Both of ACEC and FACEC were more effective than anodic electrocatalysis (AEC). The percentage of phenol eliminated by FACEC could increase by nearly 30% compared with that of AEC, and the current efficiency could reach to 70%. Important operating factors such as ferrous ion concentration, air-sparging rate and applied current were investigated and it was found that such beneficial effects could be achieved at a suitable current and ratio of the concentration of ferrous ion to the air sparged. The mechanism of phenol degradation is proposed to be the generation of hydroxyl radicals concerned with the two electrodes. Results also indicated that the process provided an efficient way to regenerate ferrous ion compared with the conventional Fenton's system.     

Enhanced experimental flexibility and control in ecotoxicological mesocosm experiments--a new outdoor and indoor pond and stream system

Scope The German Federal Environmental Agency has put into operation a new modular mesocosm system consisting of eight outdoor and eight indoor ponds and streams in order to investigate fate and effects of chemicals and municipal wastewater in aquatic ecosystems. General design and special characteristics are given to demonstrate the wide range of possibilities for experimental research. - General design. Each of the 16 streams with riffle and pool sections can be varied in length up to 106 m. The streams can be run as circular or flow-through systems at a flow velocity of 0.02 to 0.6 m/s. Physico-chemical standard parameters are measured on-line. The 16 ponds, which can be connected to the stream systems, are equipped with drainage and pore water-sampling devices for simulating processes in the littoral zone including influent and effluent ground water flow. Perspectives Since the highly flexible and controllable construction also allows treating a wide range of hydrological and ecological experiments external institutions are invited to submit proposals.     

改善深圳河水质的补水方案及生态影响初步分析

深圳河旱季天然径流量小而污染负荷高,为了改善河流水质,在削减入河污染物的同时有必要采取补水措施。利用水质模型,计算了不同污水处理率下,分别以污水资源化再生水、珠江口海水和大鹏湾海水为补水水源时,深圳河达到基本不黑臭所需的补水量。讨论了补水方案对河流水质、盐度、水动力条件的改变及其对生态系统的影响。研究表明,引海水对河流生态系统的冲击不容忽视。而污水资源化是较优的补水方案。     

Inhibiting effects by Fe2O3 on combustion and explosion characteristics of ABS resin

The global increase in the use of, and reliance on, plastics has prompted the demand for acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resin in various fields. With this increased requirement, numerous failures have occurred in the ABS process. Those incidents, resulting from electrostatic discharge, powder accumulation, heat accumulation, construction sparks, and plant fires, have caused dust fire and explosions.In this study, the ABS resin was gleaned from the site and tested for its explosion parameters, including minimum ignition temperature of dust cloud (MIT_C), minimum ignition energy (MIE), and minimum explosion concentration (MEC). To improve loss prevention in the manufacturing process, ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃) as an inert additive was added in the ABS powder. According to the MIE test, Fe₂O₃ has an apparent inhibiting effect on dust explosion for the ABS dust. With the proportion of Fe₂O₃ increased from 25 to 50 mass% in ABS, the MIE increased from 67 to 540 mJ. The explosion tests via 20-L apparatus indicated that Fe₂O₃ mixed with ABS could not increase the MEC significantly. However, the explosion pressure dropped by increasing in the ratio of Fe₂O₃ in ABS. This inerting strategy of ABS was deemed to substantially lessen the probability and severity of fire and explosion.     

The undermining effect revisited: The salience of everyday verbal rewards and self‐determined motivation

Self‐determination theory suggests that some rewards can undermine autonomous motivation and related positive outcomes. Key to this undermining is the extent to which rewards are perceived as salient in a given situation; when this is the case, individuals tend to attribute their behavior to the incentive, and the intrinsic value of the task is undermined. The role of salience has yet to be explicitly tested with respect to work motivation; we know little about whether undermining occurs in relation to verbal rewards, which characterize everyday work. We examine this in a field‐based quantitative diary study of 58 employees reporting 287 critical incidents of motivated behavior. When considering simple direct effects, the undermining effect was not supported; highly salient verbal rewards associated positively with introjected and external motivation, but at no cost to autonomous motivation. However, moderator analysis found support for the undermining effect for complex tasks; highly salient verbal rewards associated positively with external motivation while associating negatively with intrinsic and identified motivation. The findings suggest that verbal reward salience is an important characteristic of verbal reward perceptions and that salient verbal rewards are not advisable for more complex tasks but can have a valuable motivational impact for simple tasks. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.