果树光合作用研究进展

综述了果树光合作用的研究方法，观测仪器，日变化和季节变化，以及内在因素(种类、品种、年龄、叶位、叶绿素含量、酶系统)和外部因素(光照、CO2、温度、湿度、土壤、外用药剂)对果树光合作用的影响。     

Determinants of paternity success in the spider Pholcus phalangioides (Pholcidae: Araneae): the role of male and female mating behaviour

In double mating experiments, we examined whether and to what extent various male and female behavioural traits influence the course of mating and fertilization success in the cellar spider. In males, we focussed on pre-copulatory behaviour and on the rhythmic twisting movements that the male performs with his pedipalps during copulation. In females, we investigated remating decisions and the effect of female termination of copulation. Second males fertilized a high proportion of the eggs (P ₂: median 89%) despite much shorter second matings, with high variation in relative paternity success. The number of pedipalp movements (PPMs) of either male was a better predictor of paternity than copulation duration. Our results suggest that in second matings, PPMs help to remove sperm from previous males, whereas in first matings a high number of PPMs enhances fertilization success, either due to numerical sperm competition or cryptic female choice. Furthermore, we found a negative male age effect on paternity in second matings, implying that age-related deterioration of spermatozoa may promote variation in fertilization success. Female receptivity decreased significantly in second matings; only 70% of the females remated. Females that accepted a second copulation were found to terminate these much earlier and with higher probability than first matings. This suggests that the intensity of conflict between the sexes is higher in second matings. Increased intensity of sexual conflict may be responsible for stronger selection on male traits, as pre-copulatory behaviour and age only affected male copulatory performance and paternity in second matings. Electronic Publication     

杀虫双对土壤脲酶影响的研究

通过对土壤脲酶受杀虫双影响的研究．结果表明,杀虫双对不同生态区土壤脲酶活性具有明显的抑制作用,随杀虫双浓度的增加,酶活性持续减小、计算得到了土壤酶活性的生态剂量ＥＤ５０值,获得了北方(?)土和南方红壤污染的;临界浓度为４８９和２４６ｇ/ｋｇ;Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ模型可较好表征酶活性与尿素浓度间的定量关系;土壤脲酶活性和最大表观酶活性均可表征土壤受杀虫双污染程度的大小。     

城市高温灾害及其预防

本文通过实例阐述了大城市高温灾害的主要成因是热岛效应；分析了高温对工业生产、人民生活的影响和危害，进而提出了城市高温灾害的预防措施和对策。     

不同混凝剂在水厂原水处理中的混凝效果比较

针对水厂原水水质情况,对4种不同混凝剂的污染物去除效果进行了试验对比,研究不同混凝剂用于水厂原水处理的混凝效果．为优化后续工艺提供依据。     

从锦纶6生产废水中回收己内酰胺技术的改进

采用三效蒸发－间歇蒸馏技术,从锦纶６生产装置的萃取废水中回收已内酰胺。通过对三效蒸发工艺澈听改进,降低了蒸发冷凝水中已内酰胺单体含量,使蒸发冷凝水全部回用于萃取系统,萃取废水已内酰胺单体的回收率达到９９％。     

Body condition and the grouping behavior of brood-caring female common eiders (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Somateria mollissima</Emphasis>)

Both theoretical and empirical work has shown that group size increases with increasing ecological constraints on solitary breeding. Ecological constraints refer to extrinsic factors such as availability of breeding sites, food or mates. Common eider (Somateria mollissima) females pool their broods and share brood-rearing duties, or rear broods alone. Females are often in poor condition at hatching, as incubation is accomplished without feeding, and variation in body condition is largely environmentally induced and thus unpredictable. We found that the intensity of and duration of parental care that females provide is positively correlated with their body condition at hatching. This suggests that body condition is an ecological constraint on successful solitary breeding. We further observed that group productivity in common eider broods is a decelerating function of the number of tending females. As predicted, females in poorer condition (i.e., facing stronger ecological constraints) were found in larger groups. This result is straightforward if solitary tenders can enter any group at no cost. However, if entry is group-controlled, stable groups of non-relatives are predicted not to occur when per capita reproduction declines with group size. The N-person staying incentive model permits groups to form under these conditions, because reproduction is unevenly divided between dominants and subordinates in the group. We discuss the plausibility of these alternative models of group size for understanding the grouping behavior of brood-caring female common eiders.Communicated by M. Webster     

关于建设高效林业的对策

本文讨论了高效林业的概念、特点及其内容,提出了建设原则与措施。     

草原不同沙化地段蝗虫与植物群落多样性的变化及相互关系的数值分析

通过对植物和蝗虫种群生物量的调查，研究了宁夏盐池县干草原沙化过程中植物和蝗虫群落结构、多样性与丰富度的变化，以及其相互关系．结果表明，植物和蝗虫群落随着草地的沙化程度表现出序列性演替过程，蝗虫群落多样性直接受植物群密结构变化的影响，但二者的变化趋势并不完全平行．草地沙化对蝗虫群落多样性和丰富度是一种灾变性影响：沙化导致植被结构与土壤硬度的变化，造成蝗虫产卵地条件的改变．     

美国的环保政策及对环保产业发展的影响

美国的环保政策是一种经济发展政策 ,强调在提高美国工业竞争力和维护社会经济繁荣的基础上加强环境保护 ,强调通过环保技术的开发和应用实现具体的环保目标 ;措施上它强调灵活性、创新性、多样性和公众的自觉参与 ,创造了环保产业宽松和不断创新的环境。