太原市城区夏季VOCs来源及其对O3生成的贡献

采集太原市城区夏季VOCs样品并分析其浓度特征,使用参数修正法得到VOCs初始浓度,分析其来源及对O₃生成的贡献.结果显示：太原市城区总VOCs平均浓度为48.13 μg/m³,烷烃（25.52 μg/m³）为主要组分.VOCs浓度呈明显日变化特征,在日间（10：00~14：00）光化学产生O₃的关键时段浓度最低.油品挥发、机动车排放、燃煤、植物排放与液化石油气/天燃气（LPG/NG）使用源对修正后环境VOCs的贡献分别为26.89%、25.55%、21.14%、14.99%、11.44%,对O₃生成的贡献分别为21.44%、33.10%、24.07%、13.77%、7.62%.机动车为新鲜排放气团VOCs的重要来源,而油品挥发、燃煤的输送与本地积累是其他（混合、夜间与反应）气团VOCs的重要来源.机动车排放、油品挥发与燃煤为VOCs与O₃生成的重要贡献源,控制此类源排放可减少太原市城区环境VOCs浓度并有效降低O₃生成.     

G-H模式的缺陷及其改进

指出G-H模型在估算面源自身网格的大气污染物浓度时存在的严重缺陷。理论和实际两方面的分析表明,其根源在于G-H对自身网格的计算采用了不合理的面源均匀假定。采用面源局部均匀的假定,对G-H的自身网格模式作了改进。有效性分析表明,改进后的模式能适用于q（铅直向扩散参数σ_z的指数项,σ_z＝bx^q）的任何取值范围,其估算的浓度随大气稳定度的变化也与实际情况完全相符,值得在我国加以推广     

30万吨合成氨厂环境噪声综合评价

镇海炼化股份有限公司化肥厂针对装置区噪声污染严重这一现状，积极开展噪声源防治工作经过几年来的噪声综合治理，提高了化肥厂噪声合格率，改善了厂区环境。     

麸皮生物絮团技术在鲢鲤鱼混养鱼塘中的应用

在鲢鲤鱼混养鱼塘内进行增饲麸皮碳源的试验研究,探讨麸皮在常规养殖鱼塘生成生物絮团的效果及对鱼类生长和养殖水体水质的影响。结果显示:增饲麸皮可以显著促进鱼塘生物絮团的生长;与对照鱼塘相比,增饲麸皮的鱼塘鲜鱼产量提高16.32%,其增重率、特定生长率、生长势显著高于对照鱼塘;鲢鱼的生长性能高于鲤鱼,鲤鱼的饲料系数低于对照鱼塘,生物絮团对鲢鱼的促生长作用高于鲤鱼;与对照鱼塘相比,增饲麸皮的鱼塘水体透明度降低、总悬浮物(TSS)浓度上升,NO₂-N、NH₃-N、TN浓度显著降低,养殖水体部分水质指标得到改善。     

洞庭湖表层沉积物营养盐空间分布及来源解析

在洞庭湖设置20个采样点,测定表层沉积物中总氮(TN)、总有机碳(TOC)和总磷(TP)浓度,分析营养盐浓度的空间分布特征,采用有机指数评价沉积物有机污染水平,并根据碳氮比(C/N)、 ¹⁵N同位素比例(δ ¹⁵N)解析沉积物中有机质来源。结果表明:洞庭湖表层沉积物TOC、TN及TP浓度平均值分别为13 260、1 046和368.85 mg/kg,不同营养盐浓度空间分布存在明显差异,但均呈现自西洞庭湖向东洞庭湖和南洞庭湖递减的趋势;洞庭湖表层沉积物20%采样点存在有机氮污染,但表层沉积物整体为清洁至尚清洁,未达到有机污染水平;表层沉积物C/N均值为13.22,沉积物中有机质主要来自外源输入;δ ¹⁵N解析进一步表明,陆域土壤中有机质是沉积物有机污染的主要来源,建议加强陆域土壤有机质流失的控制。     

Advances in the treatment of multi-pollutant flue gas in China's building materials industry

In most of the world's building material industries, the control of flue gas pollutants mainly focuses on a single pollutant. However, given the large capacity and high contribution of China's building materials industry to global air pollution, the need to develop multi-pollutant emission reduction technology is urgent. Recently, China has focused on reducing the emissions of flue gas pollutants in the building materials industry, established many key research and development projects, and gradually implemented more stringent pollutant emission limits. This project focuses on the most recent advances in flue gas emission control technology in China's building materials industry, including denitration, dust removal, desulfurization, synergistic multi-pollutant emission reduction, and the construction of pilot research and demonstration projects for pollutant removal in several building material industries. On this basis, revised pollutant limits in flue gas emitted in China's building material industry are proposed.     

VOC emission caps constrained by air quality targets based on response surface model: A case study in the Pearl River Delta Region, China

Because of the recent growth in ground-level ozone and increased emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), VOC emission control has become a major concern in China. In response, emission caps to control VOC have been stipulated in recent policies, but few of them were constrained by the co-control target of PM_2.5 and ozone, and discussed the factor that influence the emission cap formulation. Herein, we proposed a framework for quantification of VOC emission caps constrained by targets for PM_2.5 and ozone via a new response surface modeling (RSM) technique, achieving 50% computational cost savings of the quantification. In the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, the VOC emission caps constrained by air quality targets varied greatly with the NO_x emission reduction level. If control measures in the surrounding areas of the PRD region were not considered, there could be two feasible strategies for VOC emission caps to meet air quality targets (160 µg/m³ for the maximum 8-hr-average 90th-percentile (MDA8-90%) ozone and 25 µg/m³ for the annual average of PM_2.5): a moderate VOC emission cap with <20% NOx emission reductions or a notable VOC emission cap with >60% NO_x emission reductions. If the ozone concentration target were reduced to 155 µg/m³, deep NO_x emission reductions is the only feasible ozone control measure in PRD. Optimization of seasonal VOC emission caps based on the Monte Carlo simulation could allow us to gain higher ozone benefits or greater VOC emission reductions. If VOC emissions were further reduced in autumn, MDA8-90% ozone could be lowered by 0.3-1.5 µg/m³, equaling the ozone benefits of 10% VOC emission reduction measures. The method for VOC emission cap quantification and optimization proposed in this study could provide scientific guidance for coordinated control of regional PM_2.5 and O₃ pollution in China.     

宁东基地大气PAHs污染特征及呼吸暴露风险

利用主动观测技术对宁东能源化工基地大气PM_2.5、PM_1.0和气相中的PAHs浓度水平、族谱特征、时空分布及来源进行研究,并基于该观测数据对居民呼吸暴露健康风险进行评估.结果表明,宁东基地大气PM_2.5、PM_1.0及气相中∑₁₆PAHs浓度范围分别为：17.95~325.12ng/m³、12.66~311.96ng/m³和26.33~97.88ng/m³,年均浓度分别为（99.42±117.48）ng/m³、（78.88±100.58）ng/m³和（57.89±47.39）ng/m³.宝丰基地冬夏季大气PM_2.5、PM_1.0和气相中∑₁₆PAHs浓度水平均明显高于英力特;宝丰和英力特基地冬季大气PM_2.5、PM_1.0中∑₁₆PAHs浓度水平均明显高于夏季浓度.宁东基地大气中∑₁₆PAHs的浓度水平要高于国内外其他城市,大气PAHs污染较为严重.源解析表明夏季宁东基地PAHs的主要排放源是工业煤燃烧和机动车尾气,冬季则主要来自工业煤燃烧和木材、薪柴等生物质燃烧排放.宁东基地人群暴露于大气PAHs可能会造成平均冬季每百万人中约有33~2628人罹患癌症,夏季每百万人中约有11~834人罹患癌症的风险.     

邯郸市区PM2.5污染特征及来源解析

对邯郸市区内邯郸钢铁集团（邯钢）、邯郸市环境监测中心（环保局）、河北工程大学（矿院）3个点位4个季节代表月大气PM_2.5样品进行采集,并对其离子、元素、碳质组分进行测试分析;利用基于排放清单、受体模型与空气质量模型相结合的综合来源解析方法,对邯郸市区大气PM_2.5贡献来源进行分析.结果表明：邯郸市区PM_2.5年均浓度为85.5μg/m³,秋冬季浓度明显高于春夏季,邯钢点位浓度略高于矿院和环保局;PM_2.5中占比较高的组分为NO₃^-、SO₄^2-、POA、SOA和NH₄⁺,分别占15.7%、14.5%、13.2%、12.2%和12.4%,具有明显的二次污染和有机污染特征,冬季二次组分和有机组分占比略高于其他季节,环保局点位一次有机气溶胶（POA）和二次有机气溶胶（SOA）占比略高于矿院和邯钢;冶金和扬尘是PM_2.5最主要的贡献来源,贡献率分别为27.0%和18.7%,冶金源在春夏季的贡献比例高于秋冬季,在邯钢点位的贡献率明显高于环保局和矿院.     

全国23个城市水源水中邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物浓度调查

采用UPLC-MS/MS方法对中国23个城市的90个自来水厂141个水源水样中5种常用PAEs的8种代谢产物进行检测.结果发现,所有自来水水源水中均检出了MPAEs,邻苯二甲酸单正丁酯（MnBP）检出浓度最高,为74.7ng/L.水源水中邻苯二甲酸单乙酯（MEP）,邻苯二甲酸单异丁酯（MiBP）和MnBP浓度与邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）,邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（DiBP）和邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯（DnBP）浓度分别呈显著相关,表明两者可能是同源.邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）二级代谢产物所占DEHP一级、二级代谢产物浓度和（∑DEHP）为4.0%±5.6%,和天然水体中DEHP的微生物降解结果类似,水源水中的MPAEs可能来自PAEs在自然水体中的微生物降解.