Comparison of mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestions of thermal hydrolysis pretreated swine manure: Process performance, microbial communities and energy balance

Anaerobic digestion (AD) of swine manure (SM) commonly shows low biogas output and unsatisfactory economic performance. In this study, thermophilic AD (TAD, 50 ± 1 °C) was combined with thermal hydrolysis pretreatment (THP, 170 °C/10 bar), to investigate its potential for maximizing biogas yield, securing successful digestion and microbial diversity, as well as improving energy balance. Four lab-scale continuously stirred tank reactors were operated for 300 days and compared with each other, i.e., reactor 1 (raw SM fed in mesophilic AD: RSM-MAD), reactor 2 (THP-treated SM fed in MAD: TSM-MAD), reactor 3 (RSM-TAD), and reactor 4 (TSM-TAD). The results showed that THP was efficient to increase methane production of SM, TSM-TAD mode led to the highest methane yield (129.8 ± 40.5 mL-CH₄/g-VS/day) among the tests (p < 0.05). Although TAD was more likely to induce free ammonia (> 700 mg/L) or volatile fatty acids (> 6000 mg/L) accumulation compared with MAD in start-up phase, TSM-TAD treatment mode behaved a sustainable digestion process in a long-term operation. For TSM-TAD scenario, higher Shannon–Weaver (3.873) and lower Simpson index (0.061) indicated this mode ensured and enlarged the diversity of bacteria communities. Phylum Bathyarchaeota was dominant (59.3%−90.0%) in archaea community, followed by Euryarchaeota in the four reactors. RSM-MAD treatment mode achieved the highest energy output (4.65 GJ/day), TSM-TAD was less effective (−17.38 GJ/day) due to increased energy demands. Thus improving the energetic efficiency of THP units is recommended for the development of TSM-TAD treatment mode.     

高炉瓦斯泥的回收与利用

通过对济钢高炉瓦斯泥进行分离回收与综合利用的系统试验研究,作者推荐采用浮—重联合流程分离回收其中的炭和铁。试验获得如下指标:炭精矿品位80％,回收率50％;铁精矿品位60％,回收率45％;次铁精矿品位45％,回收率11.5％。经济和社会效益明显。     

用水基表面活性剂乳液回收废白土中蜡的界面张力研究

通过测定液体与废白土粉末之间的接触角及液体与蜡之间的液液界面张力，对水基表面活性剂乳液的溶剂及配方进行了优选，得到最佳的水基面活性剂乳液的组成为：质量分数０．２％的十二烷基苯磺酸钠＋体积分数为２．５％的乙醇＋体积分数为２５％的混合烃（正己烷＋苯，等体积）＋体积分数为７２．５％的水。实验证明，用该水基表面活性剂乳液处理废白土，蜡的回收率可达８０％，同时不破坏白土的颗粒结构。     

重庆的能源利用与大气污染

文章分析了大气污染和酸雨对重庆生态环境产生的危害。研究表明，重庆的大气污染主要由燃煤导致，控制大气污染的对策应与能源发展规划相协调，只有降低煤炭使用比例才能使重庆乃至我国的大气污染物排放量做到根本性消减，要把调整能源结构提到能源发展战略的高度     

关于500t／h污水处理场设备运行的探讨

济南炼油厂新建污水处理场采用目前国内石化系统污水处理先进技术，对设备，构筑物等进行实际运行标定。尤其是设备改造，提出作者的见解，同时对污水处理问题进行探讨。     

Human appropriation of net primary production as determinant of avifauna diversity in Austria

The relationship between land-use induced changes in production ecology and avifauna diversity was analysed using a GIS land cover dataset on a 0.25 km × 0.25 km grid covering Austria's national territory. Considering only aboveground processes, the “human appropriation of net primary production” (HANPP = potential NPP − NPP_t), actual NPP (NPP_act), harvest (NPP_h) and NPP_t (= NPP_act − harvest) were recalculated based on existing datasets. Elevation as well as indicators of land cover heterogeneity and landscape heterogeneity were also considered. Correlation analyses were performed between these potential determinants of avifauna diversity and breeding bird species richness data as well as the percentage of endangered breeding birds included in the Austrian red list. Four spatial scales—0.25 km × 0.25 km, 1 km × 1 km, 4 km × 4 km and 16 × 16 km, were analysed. It was shown that breeding bird species richness was more strongly correlated with production ecological indicators and elevation than with heterogeneity indicators. A residual analysis in which the effect of elevation (a proxy for climate) on species richness and its potential determinants was removed confirmed the importance of the availability of trophic energy (NPP) for bird diversity patterns. The results support the species-energy hypothesis, thus confirming the notion that HANPP could be a useful pressure indicator for biodiversity loss.     

Effects of bifenthrin on Daphnia magna during chronic toxicity test and the recovery test

IntroductionWiththedevelopmentandapplicationofnewpesticide ,insecticidehasgreatlyreducedtheharmofpesttocrops .Bifenthrinisaneffectivepyrethroidinsecticideandacaricideagainstawiderangeofinsectpests ,anditisverypoisonoustomammal,aquatic .Thisinsecticideiswi…     

丘陵农村能源生态工程（连载）——新的生态能源开发与环境治理规划

在系统分析与初期实施的基础上，通过计算机仿真技术对后期～２０１０年提出进一步综合开发治理规划，并对规划实施的支撑条件进行了研究，这些研究丘陵农村的发展提供了具有参考意义的信息资料。     

土霉素废水处理的研究现状和发展趋势

回顾了土霉素废水处理的国内外进展；分析了我国现有土霉素废水处理工艺存在的问题，并在此基础上提出了回收废水中草酸和土霉素，再生化处理的工艺路线。在对工艺路线中采用的方法进行分析后，指出研究高效低耗的土霉素回收工艺是其中的关键。     

从废水中回收磷的主要方法和常见工艺

磷污染是引起水体富营养化的重要原因,磷资源紧缺是我们即将面对的事实,同时解决这两方面问题的办法就是必须从含磷废水中回收磷。文章叙述从废水中回收磷的主要方法和原理,并介绍常见工艺流程。