全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1153篇 |
免费 | 134篇 |
国内免费 | 569篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 142篇 |
废物处理 | 132篇 |
环保管理 | 121篇 |
综合类 | 890篇 |
基础理论 | 215篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 217篇 |
评价与监测 | 28篇 |
社会与环境 | 62篇 |
灾害及防治 | 48篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 4篇 |
2023年 | 28篇 |
2022年 | 52篇 |
2021年 | 60篇 |
2020年 | 65篇 |
2019年 | 85篇 |
2018年 | 69篇 |
2017年 | 68篇 |
2016年 | 80篇 |
2015年 | 86篇 |
2014年 | 106篇 |
2013年 | 119篇 |
2012年 | 107篇 |
2011年 | 140篇 |
2010年 | 62篇 |
2009年 | 100篇 |
2008年 | 62篇 |
2007年 | 101篇 |
2006年 | 65篇 |
2005年 | 53篇 |
2004年 | 41篇 |
2003年 | 48篇 |
2002年 | 41篇 |
2001年 | 37篇 |
2000年 | 30篇 |
1999年 | 29篇 |
1998年 | 12篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 10篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1994年 | 14篇 |
1993年 | 14篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1856条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
941.
Wei Zhang Bo Yue Qi Wang Zechun Huang Qifei Huang Zengqiang Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(11):1770-1777
Different municipal solid waste landfill methods and landfill ages had crucial impacts on bacterial abundance and composition in leachate. 相似文献
942.
Actual textile wastewater and synthesized wastewater containing various textile dyes were photocatalytic degraded by the UVH2O2Fs-TiO2 process in an aimular-flow photocatalytic reactor. In this process, a photon kinetic-measure was adopted to obtain constant rates of dyes decomposition. It was theorized that, by illumination at different UV frequencies, the electrons within the semiconductor were excited from the valence band to the conduction band, yielding the formation of electron-hole pairs which are the pre-requisites for photocatalysis. CPT (critical photonic time) exposure required to cause 90% of vibrations between the double and single bonds along the molecular chain of the dyes to be oxidized, was taken to measure the photocatalytic activities. The CPTs varied with the frequencies of the UV spectral areas. The derivatization of CPT from the first-order kinetic law was presented. 相似文献
943.
为研究环氧乙烷热稳定性及杂质对其影响,利用C600微量量热仪对环氧乙烷进行热分解试验研究,获得了环氧乙烷分解活化能和绝热条件下到达最大反应速率所需时间(TMRad)等动力学参数.研究了氢氧化钾固体、45%氢氧化钾溶液、三氧化二铁和六水三氯化铁对环氧乙烷热分解特性的影响.结果表明:随温升速率的增加,环氧乙烷热分解起始放热温度逐渐增大;分解活化能E在55~ 90 kJ/mol;环氧乙烷在常温下不易发生热失控;但氢氧化钾固体、45%氢氧化钾溶液、三氧化二铁和六水三氯化铁均对环氧乙烷的热分解有一定程度的影响,使其起始放热温度和最大放热温度都有不同程度的降低,且氢氧化钾溶液和氢氧化钾固体的影响最为明显. 相似文献
944.
Abdullah A. Alkahtane 《毒物与环境化学》2015,97(8):1086-1098
Indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles (NP) have extensive applications in industrial fields, and concerns regarding their potential toxicity in humans and environmental impact have increased. Since exposure to ITO NP is mainly via skin and inhalation, this study was conducted utilizing human lung epithelial (A549) cell line. Cells were exposed to different concentrations of the ITO NP for 24 and 48 hr. A severe cytotoxic response of ITO NP was observed as evident by the (3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and neutral red uptake assays after 48 hr exposure. ITO NP significantly reduced glutathione levels with a concomitant increase in lipid hydroperoxide levels, superoxide activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation after exposure. A significant induction in caspase activity and formation of condensed chromosomal bodies was also observed after ITO NP (10 or 25 µg/ml) exposure. Furthermore, a significant induction in DNA damage was observed by the Comet assay in cells exposed to ITO NP. Our data demonstrate that ITO NP display cytotoxic and genotoxic potential. However, increase in ROS levels and oxidative stress leading to oxidative DNA damage and condensed chromosomal bodies formation, suggests involvement of apotosis. Thus, ITO NP-mediated effects on cell viability indicate cytotoxicity, and therefore, exposures need to be carefully monitored in the industrial sector. 相似文献
945.
污水生物脱氮过程中N_2O的产生与活性污泥中细菌的羟氨氧化还原酶(Hydroxylamine oxidoreductase,HAO)活性有着密切关系.但目前活性污泥中细菌的HAO提取和活性测定方法尚未建立.本文首先探索了在25℃、酶活性反应液电子受体供体配比1∶1和终止剂选用2 mol·L~(-1)HCl条件下超声或高压破碎细胞法对HAO粗酶活性的影响,结果表明高压破碎比超声破碎获取的粗酶活性高(p0.01).在此基础上,我们进一步优化了高压破碎下压力大小、破碎次数和裂解液用量的参数.粗酶提取液中DNA含量、酶活力及酶比活力结果进行多因素方差分析表明压力大小(50、110或160 MPa)、破碎次数(1、2或3次)和裂解液用量(2、5或10 m L)均对脱氮活性污泥破碎效果、酶活性和比活力有显著影响(p0.01);综合DNA含量、酶活力及酶比活力结果看,110 MPa压力条件下,加5 m L裂解液破碎2次更适合污水生物处理中HAO的提取和活性测定,既节省时间,又能较好的保持酶活性. 相似文献
946.
An extended hazard and operability (HAZOP) analysis approach with dynamic fault tree is proposed to identify potential hazards in chemical plants. First, the conventional HAZOP analysis is used to identify the possible fault causes and consequences of abnormal conditions, which are called deviations. Based on HAZOP analysis results, hazard scenario models are built to explicitly represent the propagation pathway of faults. With the quantitative analysis requirements of HAZOP analysis and the time-dependent behavior of real failure events considered, the dynamic fault tree (DFT) analysis approach is then introduced to extend HAZOP analysis. To simplify the quantitative calculation, the DFT model is solved with modularization approach in which a binary decision diagram (BDD) and Markov chain approach are applied to solve static and dynamic subtrees, respectively. Subsequently, the occurrence probability of the top event and the probability importance of each basic event with respect to the top event are determined. Finally, a case study is performed to verify the effectiveness of the approach. Results indicate that compared with the conventional HAZOP approach, the proposed approach does not only identify effectively possible fault root causes but also quantitatively determines occurrence probability of the top event and the most likely fault causes. The approach can provide a reliable basis to improve process safety. 相似文献
947.
This paper presents the photo-catalytic degradation of real refinery wastewater from National Refinery Limited (NRL) in Karachi, Pakistan, using TiO2, ZnO, and H2O2. The pretreatment of the refinery effluent was carried out on site and pretreated samples were tested at 32–37 °C in a stirrer bath reactor by using ultra-violet photo oxidation process. The degradation of wastewater was measured as a change in initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) and with time. Optimal conditions were obtained for catalyst type, and pH. The titanium dioxide proved to be very effective catalysts in photo-catalytic degradation of real refinery wastewater. The maximum degradation achieved was 40.68% by using TiO2 at 37 °C and pH of 4, within 120 min of irradiations. When TiO2 was combined with H2O2 the degradation decreased to 25.35%. A higher reaction rate was found for titanium dioxide. The results indicate that for real refinery wastewater, TiO2 is comparatively more effective than ZnO and H2O2. The experiments indicated that first-order kinetics can successfully describe the photo-catalytic reaction. The ANOVA results for the model showed satisfactory and reasonable adjustment of the second-order regression model with the experimental data. The ANOVA results also showed that pH is significant than reaction time and catalyst dosage of TiO2; and in case of ZnO, reaction time is significant than pH and catalyst dosage. This study proves that real refinery wastewater reacts differently than synthetic refinery wastewater, oil field produced water or oil water industrial effluent. 相似文献
948.
This study analyzes the cell temperature and current density fields of a solid oxide fuel cell stack, in which the inlet flow rate along the stacking direction of the fuel is either a curved profile derived through hydraulics or a progressively decreasing profile. The results show that the temperature field was neglibibly affected by the non-uniform inlet profile of the fuel, but the current density distribution was apparently affected. The difference in current density distribution between the curved profile and the progressively decreasing profile was small in the case of an solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with 10 stacks, but became larger in an SOFC with 20 stacks. In the 10-stack SOFC, the difference of current density between the uniform inlet flow and the curved inlet flow was less than 3%, whereas the deviation in the curved profile was less than 12%. However, in a 20-stack SOFC, the difference of current density was over 20%, whereas the deviation in the curved profile was more than 50%. Comparing the results between the curved and the progressively decreasing inlet profile indicates that the current density difference was over 20% in the 20-stack SOFC, but below 1% in the 10-stack SOFC. Therefore, a progressively decreasing inlet profile can replace a curved profile for analyzing an SOFC stack when the number of stacks is less than 10. 相似文献
949.
950.
Xiaofei Wang Pei Huang Yun Liu Hua Du Xinan Wang Meimei Wang Yichen Wang Tom K. Hei Lijun Wu An Xu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is the most abundant and toxic microcystin congener and has been classified as a potential human carcinogen (Group 2B) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying the genotoxic effects of MC-LR during chronic exposure are still poorly understood. In the present study, human-hamster hybrid (AL) cells were exposed to MC-LR for varying lengths of time to investigate the role of nitrogen radicals in MC-LR-induced genotoxicity. The mutagenic potential at the CD59 locus was more than 2-fold higher (p < 0.01) in AL cells exposed to a cytotoxic concentration (1 μmol/L) of MC-LR for 30 days than in untreated control cells, which was consistent with the formation of micronucleus. MC-LR caused a dose-dependent increase in nitric oxide (NO) production in treated cells. Moreover, this was blocked by concurrent treatment with the NO synthase inhibitor NG-methyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), which suppressed MC-LRinduced mutations as well. The survival of mitochondrial DNA-depleted (ρ0) AL cells was markedly decreased by MC-LR treatment compared to that in AL cells, while the CD59 mutant fraction was unaltered. These results provided clear evidence that the genotoxicity associated with chronic MC-LR exposure in mammalian cells was mediated by NO and might be considered as a basis for the development of therapeutics that prevent carcinogenesis. 相似文献