V-W/TiO_2/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂催化还原NO的研究

掺杂15%TiO2对γ-Al2O3改性制备了TiO2/γ-Al2O3复合氧化物载体,以此复合氧化物及TiO2、γ-Al2O3为载体用浸渍法负载钒钨制备了一系列催化剂,采用比表面积和孔结构分析、X射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨电镜(HRTEM)、原位红外(in situ FT-IR)等技术对载体和催化剂进行宏观-微观表征,同时在模拟氨气选择性催化还原NO(NH3-SCR)的反应条件下对催化剂的脱硝反应活性进行考察,比较研究TiO2掺杂对V2O5-WO3/TiO2和V2O5-WO3/γ-Al2O3催化剂的改性作用。结果发现,少量TiO2掺杂制得的TiO2/γ-Al2O3复合载体中,TiO2和γ-Al2O3之间的协同作用使得V2O5-WO3/TiO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂的选择性催化还原脱硝效率及活性窗口明显优于单一载体制备的催化剂,并表现出了良好的热稳定性;各种表征结果表明,TiO2/γ-Al2O3复合载体中TiO2高度分散在γ-Al2O3上,复合载体具有较大的比表面积,载体表面存在大量的Br?nsted酸位和较多的活性中间产物,这些可能是TiO2/γ-Al2O3复合载体催化剂具有较好SCR活性的原因。     

TiO_2/ACFs催化剂光催化降解染料废水活性研究

以活性炭纤维为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备得到了活性炭纤维负载二氧化钛光催化剂(TiO2/ACFs),并且以亚甲基蓝为模型化合物模拟研究了活性炭纤维负载二氧化钛光催化剂(TiO2/ACFs)对染料废水的光催化活性。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、XRD等表征方法对活性炭纤维负载二氧化钛光催化剂(TiO2/ACFs)的结构进行了研究。SEM表征显示,大部分二氧化钛以膜的形式均匀地包裹在活性炭纤维丝上,二氧化钛膜层的厚度大约为330 nm,还有一部分TiO2是以颗粒的形式负载在活性炭纤维上。FT-IR分析可知,ACF与TiO2之间有Ti—O—C键生成,说明TiO2与ACF结合牢固,TiO2不易脱落。通过对亚甲基蓝降解可知当煅烧温度为500℃时,TiO2/ACF的光催化性能最好,通过对比发现500℃煅烧制备的催化剂也具有最好的循环使用性能,经过4次循环后该催化剂对亚甲基蓝的去除率仍达到90.2%。     

The influence of inert gas on limiting experimental safe gap of fuel-air mixtures at various initial pressures

The Maximum Experimental Safe Gap (MESG) is an important criterion to assess the propagation of flames through small gaps. This safety-related parameter is used to classify the flammable gases and vapors in explosion groups, which are fundamental to constructional explosion protection. It is used both, for the safe design of flameproof encapsulated devices as well as for selecting flame arresters appropriate to the individual application. The MESG of a fuel is determined experimentally according to the standard ISO/IEC 80079-20-1:2017 at normal conditions (20 °C, 1.0 bar) with air as oxidizing gas. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of inert gas addition on the MESG in order to assess the effectiveness of inertization in constructional explosion protection. The term limiting experimental safe gap (S_G) is used for the result of these measurements. The fuel-air mixtures (fuels: hydrogen, ethylene, propene, methane) used as representatives for the explosion groups in flame arrester testing were chosen and diluted with inert gas (nitrogen, carbon dioxide) before testing. The dependence of the limiting experimental safe gap on the total initial pressure, amount and nature of inert additive is discussed. The initial pressure was varied up to 2.0 bar to include increased pressure conditions used in flame arrester testing. Apart from the well-known reciprocal dependence on the initial pressure, the added inert gas results in an exponential increase of S_G. This effect depends on the inertizing potential of the gas and is therefore different with nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The ranking of the fuels is the same as with MESG. As a result, various mixtures of the same limiting experimental safe gap can now be chosen and tested with an individual flame arrester to prove the concept of a constant and device-related limiting safe gap. The work was funded by BG-RCI in Heidelberg (PTB grant number 37056).     

氧化锰八面体分子筛的合成及其对苯催化氧化性能

采用回流的方法,制备了氧化锰八面体分子筛（OMS-2）纳米棒.利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、氮气吸附-脱附、程序升温还原（H2-TPR）分别对产物进行晶型、形貌、孔径和H2还原性能进行分析,并考察不同煅烧温度下的催化剂对苯的催化氧化性能及300℃煅烧催化剂的稳定性.结果表明,煅烧温度对氧化锰八面体分子筛（OMS-2）的表面特征有显著的影响,煅烧温度越高,比表面积和孔容越小,平均孔径越大.同时随着煅烧温度的增加,催化剂对苯的催化氧化性能降低.经300℃煅烧的催化剂对苯的催化活性最佳,反应温度为200℃时,苯的转化率达到了50%;当反应温度为250℃时,苯的转化率达到90%.经300℃煅烧的催化剂在260℃下70 h内,对苯的催化氧化性能降低了5%,具有良好的稳定性.     

Preparation of birnessite-supported Pt nanoparticles and their application in catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde

Flaky and nanospherical birnessite and birnessite-supported Pt catalysts were successfully prepared and characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and N₂ adsorption-desorption. Effects of the birnessite morphology and Pt reduction method on the catalytic activity for the complete oxidation of formaldehyde (HCHO) were investigated. It was found that flaky birnessite exhibited higher catalytic activity than nanospherical birnessite. The promoting effect of Pt on the birnessite catalyst indicated that the reduction method of the Pt precursor greatly influenced the catalytic performance. Flaky birnessite-supported Pt nanoparticles reduced by KBH₄ showed the highest catalytic activity and could completely oxidize HCHO into CO₂ and H₂O at 50℃, whereas the sample reduced using H₂-plasma showed lower activity for HCHO oxidation. The differences in catalytic activity of these materials were jointly attributed to the effects of pore structure, surface active sites exposed to HCHO and the dispersion of Pt nanoparticles.     

乳状液膜法治理氧化铁氨氮废水的研究

研究了采用液膜分离技术从氧化铁行业生产氨氮废水中处理氨氮的工艺,并通过实际工业废水进行了验证。主要考察了表面活性剂的用量、外水相pH值、内相试剂的选择、油内比、乳水比等因素对氨氮去除率的影响。通过实验结果表明:以3%EA表面活性剂(质量分数),10%内水相硫酸浓度,油内比为2∶1的乳状液膜体系,处理初始浓度为1057mg/L氧化铁行业氨氮废水,在pH值为11.8,乳水比Rew为1∶8的传质条件下,氨氮去除率可达94%以上。     

水合氧化铁对含磷废水的吸附特性研究

以Fe(NO3)3为前驱物,制备了水合氧化铁吸附剂样品,以NaOH为解吸剂,研究了样品对模拟废水中磷酸根的吸附和解吸性能。结果表明,水合氧化铁对磷酸根有较好的吸附效果;随着pH的降低,水合氧化铁对磷酸根的吸附能力增强,在pH为2时吸附达92.5%;吸附前15 min吸附速率较快,约150 min达到平衡,吸附动力学曲线符合二级动力学模型;用水合氧化铁对初始浓度为50~100 mg/L模拟含磷废水吸附,随着初始浓度的增大,磷的去除率下降;水合氧化铁对磷酸根的吸附等温线较符合Langmuir吸附模型;用NaOH对水合氧化铁行解吸,浓度为40 g/L有最好的解吸率,60 min时达到解吸平衡。     

δ-MnO_2对ZnO和TiO_2光催化降解萘酚蓝黑活性影响

以萘酚蓝黑为模型污染物,采用动力学方法研究了δ-MnO2颗粒杂质对亚微米级商品TiO2(C)、ZnO(C)和纳米级自制TiO2(N)、ZnO(N)光催化作用的影响,并通过紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)和荧光光致发光光谱(PL)对试样进行了表征。结果表明,δ-MnO2能导致2种TiO2严重失活,而对2种ZnO的光催化活性影响很小。δ-MnO2导致TiO2光催化剂失活的主要原因为:能提高TiO2的带隙能,以及作为深能级杂质促进光生电子与空穴之间的复合。     

Nitrous oxide emission and reduction in a laboratory-incubated paddy soil response to pretreatment of water regime

IntroductionNitrousoxide (N2 O)isagreenhousegas.IncreasingatmosphericN2 Oconcentrationmayalsobedetrimentaltothestratosphericozonelayer(Crutzen ,1981) .AgriculturalsoilisamajorsourceofN2 O .MostN2 Ooriginateswithsoilprocesses,asanintermediateproductfrommic…     

土壤氮素的转化过程中温室效应气体的释放和吸收

一氧化二氮(NO₂)是一个重要的温室效应气体,一氧化氮(NO)对温室效应的产生也有间接的作用。土壤作为这两种气体的主要来源的重要性引起了人们的广泛重视。本文主要讨论了土壤中的氮素生物转化过程与NO₂和NO的产生和再利用。以及影响土壤中温室效应气体的释放和吸收的环境条件。