全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1753篇 |
免费 | 134篇 |
国内免费 | 485篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 52篇 |
废物处理 | 16篇 |
环保管理 | 374篇 |
综合类 | 1086篇 |
基础理论 | 281篇 |
环境理论 | 13篇 |
污染及防治 | 180篇 |
评价与监测 | 157篇 |
社会与环境 | 158篇 |
灾害及防治 | 55篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 38篇 |
2022年 | 52篇 |
2021年 | 70篇 |
2020年 | 67篇 |
2019年 | 76篇 |
2018年 | 66篇 |
2017年 | 70篇 |
2016年 | 113篇 |
2015年 | 115篇 |
2014年 | 88篇 |
2013年 | 134篇 |
2012年 | 138篇 |
2011年 | 142篇 |
2010年 | 114篇 |
2009年 | 113篇 |
2008年 | 80篇 |
2007年 | 132篇 |
2006年 | 129篇 |
2005年 | 108篇 |
2004年 | 69篇 |
2003年 | 67篇 |
2002年 | 54篇 |
2001年 | 39篇 |
2000年 | 41篇 |
1999年 | 28篇 |
1998年 | 23篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 18篇 |
1995年 | 24篇 |
1994年 | 12篇 |
1993年 | 19篇 |
1992年 | 18篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1972年 | 6篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有2372条查询结果,搜索用时 296 毫秒
31.
黄河下游堤防地质信息管理及安全评价系统(LHEGIS)开发 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在对黄河下游堤防地质信息分析的基础上,根据系统需求,建立了黄河下游工程地质灾安评价系统。该系统将数据库管理和图形管理系统有机结合,不仅实现了数据库的输入,输出,统计分析,以及其与图形属性库之间的转换与管理,而且实现了信息的空间查询,空间分析,图形编辑,输出和图形管理,系统同时提供堤岸稳定性评价的方法和其它实有工具,为黄河下游堤防安全管理和规划提供了辅助决策工具。本文主要从系统功能需求分析,设计原则和开发方法,系统基本框架,及开发实施等五个方面,对系统开发进行了较详细地介绍。 相似文献
32.
33.
/ The valleys of European piedmonts constitute changing narrow corridors within which water, matter, nutrients, energy, and species flow. The dispersion patterns of these flows have been significantly disturbed since the end of the 18th century. Thus, western European valleys have been changed into complex mosaics by implementation of socioeconomical programs. In order to define future actions allowing the preservation of this "ecocomplex" (Blandin and Lamotte 1988), it is necessary to gather precise information of the landscape dynamics. Hence, the study of the European river valleys must be based upon two major steps: (1)the analysis of the present landscape with suitable remote sensing techniques, allowing us to map the complex mosaic of narrow corridors; and (2) the analysis of temporal landscape development patterns since the first engineering works that have transformed the braided channel system. In this paper, the efficiency of the addition of two techniques is highlighted: (1) the "wavelet merging method" from multispectral and panchromatic SPOT images for the floodplain land-cover mapping, and (2) the historical reconstruction techniques from old maps and archive documents in order to analyze the cumulative impacts of engineering works on landscape diversity. To illustrate the method, a particularly complex case study is chosen: the Arc/Isere confluence (downstream from Albertville, Savoie, France). Remote sensing, field survey, and historical reconstruction allowed us to distinguish two types of spatial units: (1) the "functional sets" characterized by independent state factors (edaphic, hydrological, and topographic) and supporting a limited number of vegetation types (spontaneous or cultivated), and (2) the functional unit (= ecotope), which corresponds to a unique combination of vegetation type/functional set.KEY WORDS: Landscape ecology; Floodplains; Vegetation; Land use; Remote sensing; Historical reconstruction; Mapping; Merging methods; Human impacts; Alps; Isere river; France 相似文献
34.
Bernard Barraqué 《Natural resources forum》2003,27(3):200-211
The article contributes to a discussion on two global issues on water: water resources management, and water supply and sanitation. Focusing on Europe, it traces the legal roots of current systems in history: as a resource, water is considered as a common property, rather than a market good; while as a public service it is usually a commodity. Public water supply and sanitation technologies and engineering have developed under three main paradigms: quantitative and civil engineering; qualitative and chemical/sanitary engineering (both on the supply side); and the most recent one, environmental engineering and integrated management (on the demand side). The cost of public drinking water is due to rise sharply in view of the two‐fold financial challenge of replacing an ageing infrastructure and keeping up with ever‐rising environmental and sanitary quality standards. Who will pay? Government subsidies, or water users? The author suggests that apparent successes with privatisation may have relied heavily on hidden government subsidies and/or the healthy state of previously installed water infrastructure: past government subsidies are still felt for as long as the lifetime of the infrastructure. The article stresses the importance of public participation and decentralized local management of water and sanitation services. Informing and involving users in water management decisions is seen as an integral part of the ‘ethics’ side of the crucial three E's (economics, environment, ethics). The article strongly argues for municipal provision of water services, and hopes that lessons learnt and solutions found in the European experience may serve water services management efforts in other regions of the world. 相似文献
35.
Foreword Asoneofthethreegreatdiscoveriesin 1 970s ,thefractaltheoryhasbeenwidelyappliedinmanyfieldsconcerningthesciencesofnatureandthehumanities .Atpresent ,thefractaltheoryhasbeenappliedintherelatedanalysisofwatersystemordisaster .However ,thestud iesonnatureofrelationshipbetweenthewholewatersysteminChinaanddisasterfractalanaly sisarestillintheirinitialperiod .Thepaperpresentsafractaldimensionof 7drainagebasinsandthefloodinChinaaswellastheirpossiblerelations .Itishopedthatthepaperwouldbehe… 相似文献
36.
本文对内江市沱江流域经济-环境系统1995~2010年时段可持续发展进行了预测分析,指出了该区域实现可持续发展的可能途径和对策措施. 相似文献
37.
随着时间的推移,塔河流域生态环境恶化的现实已被越来越多的人们所认识。造成塔河中下游森林退化,生态环境恶化的主要原因除自然因素外,主要是人为不合理的社会经济活动的影响。目前塔河流域森林生态建设存在的主要问题有:第一水资源不合理的利用成为沙漠化和次生盐渍化的主要原因;第二传统的生活方式和掠夺式的生产方式使生态环境遭到破坏;第三耕地的增加,满足不了人口发展的需求,大面积的无序开荒,导致生态环境进一步恶化。为塔河中下游林地植被恢复、建设及防止退化的策略有:塔河中下游生态工程治理的原则;塔河中下游生态环境治理的基本思路;塔河流域生态环境治理的主要对策,合理利用水资源,坚持生产、生态建设并重,确保生态用水;要积极调整农村产业结构,正确处理林业和农业、林业和牧业以及林业和工业发展的关系;大力发展农村能源建设,从根本上解决农村薪材和生态保护之间矛盾;大力保护、恢复、发展荒漠林草植被,大力发展绿洲林业,建立荒漠生态环境和绿洲共同支撑的稳定的生态体系;积极实施林业生态工程和林果工程,建立较为完备和发达的生态和产业体系。 相似文献
38.
39.
塔里木河中游段治理中的牧区水利建设 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
塔里木河中下游地区生态环境急剧恶化,最主要的原因是中游段河水近一半21×108m3被人为的散失,造成下游河水所剩无几,致使尾闾台特玛湖干涸。解决的根本办法是将中下游段两岸的农牧民迁出,实现人为耗水为零。近期切实可行的办法是积极开展牧区水利建设,改变牧业生产方式,集中高效利用塔河水资源,发展人工草地,改良天然草场,实现牧业生产生态环境的协调发展,人与自然和谐相处。 相似文献
40.
Ton H. Snelder Barry J.F. Biggs Mark A. Weatherhead 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2004,40(1):1-13
ABSTRACT: A method is demonstrated for the development of nutrient concentration criteria and large scale assessment of trophic state in environmentally heterogeneous landscapes. The method uses the River Environment Classification (REC) as a spatial framework to partition rivers according to differences in processes that control the accrual and loss of algae biomass. The method is then applied to gravel bed rivers with natural flow regimes that drain hilly watersheds in New Zealand's South Island. An existing model is used to characterize trophic state (in terms of chlorophyll a as a measure of maximum biomass) using nutrient concentration, which controls the rate of biomass accrual, and flood frequency, which controls biomass loss. Variation in flood frequency was partitioned into three classes, and flow data measured at 68 sites was used to show that the classes differ with respect to flood frequency. Variation in nutrient concentration was partitioned at smaller spatial scales by subdivision of higher level classes into seven classes. The median of flood frequency in each of the three higher level classes was used as a control variable in the model to provide spatially explicit nutrient concentration criteria by setting maximum chlorophyll a to reflect a desired trophic state. The median of mean monthly soluble reactive phosphorus and soluble inorganic nitrogen measured at 68 water quality monitoring sites were then used to characterize the trophic state of each of the seven lower level classes. The method models biomass and therefore allows variation in this response variable to provide options for trophic state and the associated nutrient concentrations to achieve these. Thus it is less deterministic than using reference site water quality. The choice from among these options is a sociopolitical decision, which reflects the management objectives rather than purely technical considerations. 相似文献