火灾过程中火源热释放速率模型及其实验测试方法

详细分析了目前常用的火源热释放速率模型，并对其特点和参数范围进行对比讨论；同时还介绍了基于氧消耗原理的热释放速率测试方法和基于质量损失速率的热释放速率测试方法，并给出了部分实验测试结果。     

室内家具轰燃的实验研究

室内一旦发生火灾 ,轰燃出现之快慢是人们在有限的逃生时间和有限逃生能力下能否安全逃脱灾难的关键因素。笔者对室内典型家具的轰燃现象进行了实验研究 ,利用实验方法成功地观测到室内家具轰燃的全过程。介绍了轰燃实验的设计方法、实验的测量方法。大量的建筑室内家具轰燃实验 ,仍很难给出室内家具材质的轰燃准则和判别条件 ,对此应进一步开展研究工作。     

活性粉末混凝土柱的抗震性能试验研究

活性粉末混凝土 (ReactivePowderConcrete ,简称RPC)是一种具有超高性能和超高强度的水泥基复合材料。本文首先论述了这一材料应用于结构抗震领域中的潜力 ,然后通过 4个小比例RPC矩形截面柱的拟静力试验 ,研究了RPC配筋柱的延性性能、滞回曲线及其破坏机理 ,分析了配箍率对RPC配筋柱延性的影响。     

加压溶气气浮法处理高浓度氨氮废水的实验研究

本文以氨氮废水吹脱处理技术的原理为基础,采用加压溶气气浮法处理高浓度氨氮废水,通过对氨氯模拟水样的实验研究,确定了加压溶气气浮法去除水榉中氨氮的最佳实验条件。     

Plastic buckling,wrinkling and collapse behaviour of dented X80 steel line pipes under axial compression

High strength steel pipes have found increasing applications in deep high pressure offshore oil/gas lines. Damages in the form of dent are among common causes of pipeline failure. Indentation, plastic buckling and residual strength of dented normal grade steel pipes under bending, axial and combined loading have previously been addressed by a number of researchers. The plastic buckling and collapse of dented high grades steel line pipes, however, have received less previous attentions.In the current study an experimental model testing was used to evaluate the residual strength of dented X80 steel pipes under monotonic axial compression. The tubular specimens were first laterally dented by an indentor while resting on a saddle shape support. The specimens were then examined under axial compression to study the dent effects on their collapse behaviour. Numerical simulations were also used to analyse the effect of the indentor ratio, shape and alignment on the residual strength of dented steel tubes under monotonic axial compression. The results from the current study on high strength steels were also compared with semi-empirical equations available in the literature for low strength steels. It was found that these equations provide reasonable predictions for the axial residual capacity of the high strength steel pipes when the dent depths are small. With deep dents, however, they considerably underestimate the axial residual capacity of the high strength steel pipes.     

电除尘器脉冲与直流供电的对比试验研究

电除尘器的供电方式直接影响其收尘效率和正常运行。试验研究表明:脉冲供电比直流供电有利于振打清灰,电除尘器出口烟气含尘浓度平均降低35.47％,具有较好的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益。     

Economic evaluation of measles catch-up and follow-up campaigns in Afghanistan in 2002 and 2003

This paper assesses the cost-effectiveness of, and the return on the investment in, the 2002 catch-up and the 2003 follow-up measles campaigns in Afghanistan from the perspective of the donor. The catch-up campaign targeted nearly 12 million children aged between six months and 12 years, while the follow-up campaign targeted over five million children aged between 9 and 59 months. Both campaigns successfully vaccinated approximately 96 per cent of the respective target populations, and are expected to avert an estimated 301,000 measles deaths over the next 10 years. The average cost per dose of measles vaccine delivered was USD 0.40. The cost per death prevented is USD 23.6, assuming a case fatality rate of 10 per cent and a discount rate of three per cent. With more than 42,000 measles deaths avoided for every one million US dollars spent, the campaigns are an excellent public health investment for precluding childhood mortality in a country affected by a complex emergency.     

Governance via persuasion: environmental NGOs and the social licence to operate

The ‘social licence to operate’ (SLO) concept is increasingly associated with environmental activism in nations with prominent resource extractive industries. Environmental non-governmental organisations (ENGOs) deploy it as a campaigning strategy to contest corporate activity, in particular, the environmental sustainability of existing or planned commercial projects. Drawing on two prominent Australian ENGO campaigns – against Seafish Tasmania’s Abel Tasman vessel and Tassal’s proposed fish farm operations on Tasmania’s east coast – the SLO strategy is assessed in the context of the governance literature, arguing that it constitutes ‘governance via persuasion’, a mode that incorporates appeals to normative values. Australian SLO campaigns are primarily directed at the state, promoting opportunities for ENGOs to shape reviews and revisions to environmental regulation alongside governmental and corporate actors. SLO campaigns are therefore a contemporary expression of environmental strategies seeking regulatory change in contrast to ENGO-led private governance initiatives that often bypass the state.     

中庭建筑回廊排烟方法的模拟实验研究

根据中庭建筑的特点,提出中庭建筑“回廊＋中庭顶部”的排烟方案。基于此方案,运用区域模拟思想,分析了回廊排烟条件下中庭建筑内烟气运动过程,建立了回廊溢出烟气质量卷吸流量的简化模型,推导了有／无回廊排烟条件下中庭排烟量的相互关系公式,从理论上说明了方案是可行的,并进一步通过模拟实验进行了验证。     

Elimination of persistent organic pollutants from fish oil with solid adsorbents

Fish oils are one of the main sources of ω-3 fatty acids in animal and human diet. However, they can contain high concentrations of persistent organic pollutants due to their lipophilic properties. The aim of this study is the reduction of persistent organic pollutants in fish oil using silicon-based and carbon-based solid adsorbents. A wide screening study with different commercially available adsorbents was carried out, in order to determine their capacity of pollutant removal from fish oil. Moreover, adsorption conditions were evaluated and optimized with using an experimental design and adjustment of the experimental results to response surfaces, obtaining removals rates of more than 99% of PCDD/Fs, 81% of dioxin-like PCBs, 70% of HCB, 41% of DDTs, 16% of marker PCBs and 10% of PBDEs. Finally, fish oil fatty acids were analyzed before and after the treatment with solid adsorbents, confirming that it did not affect its nutritive properties.