氯仿萃取法处理4-氨基安替比林的研究

用氯仿萃取法处理4-氨基安替比林可获得较低的空白测定消光值,并且步骤简便,易于操作。     

萃取法由废催化剂制取钼酸铵

用季胺盐作萃取剂，采用一级萃取回收废催化剂中的钼，其钼回收率可达９０％，反萃液可直接得到四钼酸铵，工艺简单，操作方便，具有显著的经济效益和一定的环境效益。     

萃取法预处理间二硝基苯生产废水

间二硝基苯生产废水中含有邻硝基苯磺酸和对硝基横酸，采用三辛胺－煤油作萃取剂对其进行萃取处理，在最佳工艺条件下，经过三级萃取，废水的COD去除率达95％以上，硝基物去除率达98％以上，萃取剂用NaOH水溶液处理后可循环使用。     

Extraction of arsenic in a synthetic arsenic-contaminated soil using phosphate

An environment-friendly and cost-effective extraction method has been studied for the removal of arsenic from contaminated soil. A yellow-brown forest soil was contaminated with arsenic(V) and used as a model soil. Among various potassium and sodium salts, potassium phosphate was most effective in extracting arsenic, attaining more than 40% extraction in the pH range of 6–8 with minimum damage to the soil properties. Exchange mechanism is proposed for the extraction of arsenic from soil by phosphate. Sequential extraction shows that phosphate is effective in extracting arsenic of Al- and Fe-bound forms. Arsenic of residual form was not extracted. Arsenic was efficiently extracted by phosphate solution of pH 6.0 at 300 mM phosphate concentration and at 40°C.     

The distribution of the chlorinated solvents dichloromethane,perchloroethylene, and trichloroethylene in the global atmosphere

Dichloromethane, perchloroethylene, and trichloroethylene are commercially important chlorinated solvents whose health and environmental impacts are under scrutiny in the industrial world. Their distributions in the global atmosphere have been computed based on data from the Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory (RCEI) project using the Global Balance Environment (GLOBE) model, a 3-D radiative-dynamical-chemical model. Their atmospheric lifetimes, scaled to an observed methyl chloroform lifetime of 4.8 years, are 158 days, 105 days, and 4.3 days, respectively. They have strong interhemispheric gradients, with maximum zonal mean surface concentrations in the winter mid-latitude northern hemisphere of approximately 40 ppt, 9 ppt, and 2.5 ppt, respectively. Their spatial distributions show significant seasonal variability, and are sensitive to vertical mixing by cumulus convection and horizontal mixing by synoptic-scale turbulence. While the model interhemispheric exchange time (1.0 years) and computed atmospheric lifetimes are very sensitive to sub-grid scale diffusion, interhemispheric gradients of the chlorinated solvents are not. The simulated results suggest a greater importance for oceanic emissions of perchloroethylene and trichloroethylene than has previously been assumed.     

有机溶剂对苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)几丁质酶的影响

以苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt)的发酵液为材料,经硫酸铵分级分离、DEAE-32离子交换柱层析分离,获得部分纯化的Bt几丁质酶(EC3. 2. 1. 14)制剂.研究了几种有机溶剂对Bt几丁质酶的影响.结果表明,甲醇、丙三醇、甲醛和戊二醛对几丁质酶有抑制作用;乙醇、丙醇、乙二醇和二甲亚砜在低浓度时对酶有激活作用,随着浓度的升高表现出抑制作用;二氧六环的浓度低于 5%时,对酶的影响不明显,而高于 5%时,对酶则有激活作用;丙酮对酶有激活作用. 图 1参 10     

从含油污泥中回收原油

介绍了含油污泥的来源、处理方法以及经济效益和环境效益。     

我国木器涂料及汽车涂料中挥发性有机物特征

目前,工业源有机溶剂相关的实测型研究在我国鲜见报道,为摸清我国工业源有机溶剂挥发性有机物（volatile organic compounds,VOCs）含量及物种情况,提供建立我国工业源有机溶剂使用源排放清单所需的排放因子,选取我国用量均高居全球第一的木器涂料及汽车涂料开展研究.通过到企业采样及市场购买等途径获取涂料样品,按国内涂料相关标准检测方法进行测定,获取涂料中VOCs含量及成分谱,并计算其臭氧生成潜势（ozone formation potential,OFP）.结果表明,在木器涂料中,溶剂型、水性和光固化（ultra-violet,UV）涂料的平均VOCs含量（质量分数）分别为37.28%、9.88%和18.02%.汽车涂料中,水性原厂漆、溶剂型原厂漆、水性修补漆和溶剂型修补漆的平均VOCs含量分别为15.06%、59.90%、11.79%和54.50%.不同种类的涂料VOCs含量差异巨大.水性涂料的主要组分及OFP贡献者为醇醚类,溶剂型涂料的为苯系物及酯类,UV涂料的为酯类和醇醚类.涂料样品的均值均可满足现行强制性国家标准,但存在12%的溶剂型木器涂料样品和42%的溶剂型汽车原厂漆样品未达标.此外,除了水性木器涂料的苯系物超标外,其余涂料样品中规定的有害物质含量均达标.     

分散固相萃取/高效液相色谱法测定土霉素菌渣中土霉素的残留量

文章拟建立一种从土霉素菌渣中提取并检测土霉素残留量的高效液相色谱法。用甲醇和冰乙酸作为提取剂提取样品,用分散固相萃取的方法净化样品,净化药剂为石墨化碳黑(GCB)和C18。通过加标回收实验,用高效液相色谱仪检测样品中土霉素含量。选用的色谱柱为PLRP-S,流动相为甲醇和0.05 mol/L草酸,两者比例为35:65(V:V)。检测波长为355 nm,柱温30℃。经检测,土霉素在0.1~2 000 mg/L范围内线性相关系数大于0.999,线性良好。1.0,4.0及8.0mg/g 3个加标水平的土霉素平均回收率范围是80.85%~109.59%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.45%~6.38%。土霉素菌渣中土霉素残留量平均为4.741 mg/g。实验表明,该方法具有简单、方便、快速、准确性强、灵敏度高的特点,可以应用于土霉素的分析检测。     

The use of ionic liquids based on choline chloride for metal deposition: A green alternative?

Ionic liquids are studied intensively for different applications. They tend to be denoted as “green solvents”, largely because of their low vapour pressure. In recent years toxicity and biotoxicity of ionic liquids have also been investigated, which proved that not all of these are “green”. In this paper the use of ionic liquids based on choline chloride and ethylene glycol in electrochemistry is discussed in the context of their use as green solvents. Due to their low toxicity and ready biodegradability, these deep eutectic solvents are promising for the electrodeposition of metals. The influence of the use of these liquids as metal deposition baths on the waste water is investigated. Drag-out was found to be the most influencing parameter on the environmental impact of the process, as it is three times higher compared to classical solutions due to the higher viscosity of the ionic liquid. There are no major changes needed in the rinsing configuration of classic electroplating plants, and ion exchange to remove the metal out of the waste water was not hindered by the presence of the ionic liquid. The formation of by-products during the deposition of metals has to be further investigated and evaluated in consideration of the environmental impact.