大肠杆菌与水体中U(Ⅵ)的作用行为和产物研究

通过批次吸附实验及介观和谱学等表征方法,研究了大肠杆菌(E.coli)粉末对水体中U(Ⅵ)的富集行为和吸附模型,并对其作用产物进行了详细分析.结果表明:大肠杆菌对初始浓度为50mg/L U(Ⅵ)溶液(pH＝5)的吸附容量可达到276.89mg/g.Langmuir等温模型和准二级动力学方程能较好的描述其吸附过程. FTIR、SEM-EDS、XRD分析结果表明:在与水体中U(VI)作用后,大肠杆菌表面检测出UO₂²⁺的红外特征峰(876.16cm^-1)和U的能谱吸收峰(结合能=2.4~4.4keV).UO₂²⁺主要与菌体表面的烷基、氨基、羧基、分子间氢键发生作用,重点与PO₂-、P(OH)₂、PO₄^3-以及PO₃^-等含P基团进行络合配位,最终产物以CaU(PO₄)₂、Ca(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂·xH₂O、NaUO₂(PO₃)₃等铀的磷酸盐形式存在.     

PLS-BP法定量分析火灾中的常见有毒有害气体

针对火灾和材料燃烧中常见的有毒有害气体,选取低浓度的CO、CO2、NO、NO2、SO2、HCl、HBr、HCN八种典型气体同时进行定量分析。基于傅里叶变换红外光谱技术(FTIR),设计可靠实验系统和实验过程控制,准确得到气体的光谱数据。通过合理去除干扰光谱区间、筛选样本、选择模型参数等,建立BP-PLS回归模型,并对未知样本进行预测,各组分的校正误差均方根RMSEC达到4×10-6以下,预测可决系数R2均达到0.95以上。通过将PLS-BP模型与经典的线性模型经典最小二乘(CLS)和偏最小二乘(PLS)进行比较,PLS-BP模型在非线性拟合能力和预测性能两方面明显高于经典线性模型CLS和PLS。     

Molecular changes of aquatic humic substances formed from four aquatic macrophytes decomposed under different oxygen conditions

Aquatic macrophytes’ decomposition is a source of recalcitrant carbon in the long term contributing to humic substances (HS) formation. Understanding the influence of plant detritus quality and oxygen availability over molecular changes of these compounds provides ecological information related to their cycling. This study described the molecular variation of dissolved HS from Eichhornia azurea, Egeria najas, Oxycaryum cubense and Salvinia molesta decomposition under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The aquatic HS formed from the four aquatic macrophytes showed similar features (e.g. molecular weight and aromaticity). This fact indicates little influence of the detritus quality or availability of oxygen on the fulvic acids (FA) and humic acid characteristics. Under aerobic condition a decrease in the polysaccharides content in FA occurred. HS from E. najas were related to less-recalcitrant features, while HS from S. molesta were related to recalcitrant.     

Interaction between Humic Acid and p-Arsanilic Acid Using Fluorescence Quenching Approach

P-arsanilic acid(p-ASA),as a kind of organoarsenic feed additive,has been widely used in poultry and swine breeding.However,it has caused the arsenic pollution around the farm.Currently data shows humic acid(HA)is closely to the migration and transformation of p-ASA.Therefore,the interaction between p-ASA and HA was investigated by using the method of fluorescence quenching titration.The association constant changed from2.74 to 4.88 L·mol-1at a p H varying from 5 to 9 and reached the maximum at p H 7.In addition,log K varied from4.15 to 5.02 L·mol-1when the temperature increased from 15℃to 35℃.The log K increased with an increase in the concentration of HA.The dominant mechanism between p-ASA and HA is static quenching.The primary interaction force was likely the hydrogen bond,and the binding behavior occurred on the As-O stretch of p-ASA and the carboxylic acid C=O stretch of HA.The results showed that dissolved organic matters could affect the fate and biogeochemical cycling of organoarsenic pharmaceuticals in aquatic ecosystems.     

TG/FTIR analysis on co-pyrolysis behavior of PE,PVC and PS

The pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis behaviors of polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) under N₂ atmosphere were analyzed by Thermal gravimetric/Fourier transform infrared (TG/FTIR). The volatile products were analyzed to investigate the interaction of the plastic blends during the thermal decomposition process. The TGA results showed that the thermal stability increased followed by PVC, PS and PE. The pyrolysis process of PE was enhanced when mixed with PS. However, PS was postponed when mixed with PVC. As for PE and PVC, mutual block was happened when mixed together. The FTIR results showed that the free radical of the decomposition could combine into a stable compound. When PE mixed with PVC or PS, large amount of unsaturated hydrocarbon groups existed in products while the content of alkynes was decreased. The methyl (CH₃) and methylene (CH₂) bonds were disappeared while PVC mixed with PE.     

Methidathion Complexes with Homoionic and Surfactant-Modified Montmorillonites

Abstract

The formation of the insecticide methidathion (S-[(5-methoxy-2-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazol-3(2H)-yl)methyl] O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate) complexes with inorganic cation-saturated (Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Ni²⁺) montmorillonites was investigated. The nature and structure of the complexes was determined by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The arrangement of the pesticide molecule in the interlayer space was also considered from ab initio calculations using simpler related molecules. The insecticide methidathion penetrated the interlayer spaces of the homoionic clay samples. The ligand–cation interactions in these complexes depend on the nature and characteristics of the saturating cations. Mechanisms involving water bridges and direct coordination with the exchange cation were proposed for the adsorption of methidathion by inorganic cation-saturated montmorillonites. The effect of the inorganic cations on the sorption of the cationic surfactant tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TDTMA) by montmorillonite was also studied and the subsequent sorption of methidathion in TDTMA⁺-Montmorillonite determined. Van der Waals bonds constitute the methidathion adsorption mechanism by montmorillonite saturated with TDTMA⁺. The arrangements of methidathion and of the cationic surfactant molecules in the montmorillonite interlayer space were demostrated.     

热红联用研究废聚氨酯硬泡的燃烧特性

在热重分析仪上对废聚氨酯硬泡在空气中不同升温速率下加热的热失重行为进行了研究,并就升温速率对其热失重行为的影响进行了探讨.结果表明,随着升温速率的提高,废聚氨酯硬泡在空气气氛下热失重时挥发分析出温度(Ts)向高温区偏移,失重速率峰值(DTGmx)显著增大;空气气氛下,废聚氨酯硬泡热失重时有3个失重峰,后2个峰失重率分别约为41.51％和51.96％.同时,结合傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对各条件下的气体产物进行了定性分析,并对主要气体产物的释放规律做了探讨分析.实验发现,废聚氨酯硬泡热解燃烧失重主要阶段的产物种类相似,都检测到了CO、CO2、H2O、三氯一氟甲烷(CFC-11)、烯烃类、烷烃类、醇类、含氯化合物和带有苯环类化合物的特征吸收峰;主要气体产物有相似的析出规律,说明升温速率的变化并未影响到样品在空气气氛下的反应机制.     

改性莴笋叶渣净化空气中甲醛

通过对莴笋叶2种处理吸附甲醛,得出简便高效的碱热烫处理,并采用二次正交旋转回归组合对其优化,得出煮沸时间25 min、水浴温度80℃、水浴时间2.5h,莴笋叶渣对甲醛吸附率可达37.05％,实测值36.4％,二者吻合.通过与活性炭、硅藻纯吸附效果比较,优化处理莴笋叶渣与硅藻纯吸附效果相当,均优于活性炭.电镜观测知优化莴笋叶渣与活性炭、硅藻纯均具粗糙、皱褶、疏松结构,傅里叶红外光谱分析出-C=C-基团在甲醛吸附中起主要作用.     

2-氢七氟丙烷熄灭聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯燃烧火焰的实验研究

采用二视窗小型燃烧室和数码摄像技术分别研究了2-氢七氟丙烷和二氧化碳对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(RMMA)燃烧火焰的熄灭过程;探讨了2-氢七氟丙烷对PMMA的点火延迟时间、火焰形貌和燃烧速率的影响;同时,运用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对PMMA熄火表面的化学成份进行了分析.结果发现:极低浓度的2-氢七氟丙烷不仅不能灭火反而还能够促进PMMA的点火和燃烧,但在灭火剂浓度相对较高的情况下,2-氢七氟丙烷抑制样品点火和燃烧的能力要远高于二氧化碳.与二氧化碳灭火剂相比,2-氢七氟丙烷具有灭火浓度低、灭火效率高和灭火速度快等明显优点.此外,FTIR的分析结果显示PMMA熄火表面的化学成份没有明显变化,这表明2-氢七氟丙烷对RMMA燃烧火焰的熄灭作用可能主要是发生在气相中.     

Biodegradation of Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) Film by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alcaligenes faecalis</Emphasis>

The biodegradation behavior of PCL film with high molecular weight (80,000 Da) in presence of bacterium Alcaligenes faecalis and the analysis of degraded polymer film have been carried out. Thin Films of PCL were prepared by means of solution casting method and the bacterial degradation behavior was carried in basal medium, in presence of bacteria with time variation after UV treatment. It was observed that after UV treatment the degradation of polymer film was increased and the degradation rate followed a three steps degradation mechanism. The degraded polymer film was analyzed by means of Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscope (FTIR). DSC results revealed that at the initial stages of the degradation up to 15–20 days, the bacterium preferentially degrades the amorphous parts of the polymer film over the crystalline zone. Thermo gravimetric analysis highlighted the low temperature stability of degraded films with extent of degradation. FTIR results showed the chain scission mechanism of the polymer chains and also supported the preferential degradation of amorphous phase over crystalline phase in the initial stages of the degradation.