Mn-Ce-Fe/TiO2低温催化还原NO的性能

采用浸渍法制备了Mn-Ce-Fe/TiO2.研究了其组分配比、焙烧温度等制备条件和NO进口浓度、空速、O2含量、NH3/NO摩尔比等操作条件对Mn-Ce-Fe/TiO2 NH3低温还原NO活性的影响,并探讨了H2O、SO2对Mn-Ce-Fe/Ti O2活性的影响.结果表明,Mn:Fe:Ce摩尔比为5:2:4、500℃下焙烧的Mn-Ce-Fe/TiO2在无H2O、SO2,NO体积分数为0.1%,空速为5000h～,反应温度为130℃、O2含量为6%、NH3/NO摩尔比为1.1的条件下,NO转化率接近98%,Fe的加入大大提高了催化剂的单独抗水和同时抗硫抗水性能,130℃下,体积分数10%的H2O对该催化剂的活性基本没有影响,转化率保持在96%以上;通硫、水后的400min内,活性仅下降3%.单独通人S02时,该催化剂中毒程度较深.该催化剂有望应用于基本不含SO2的燃气锅炉烟气和不含SO2的硝酸尾气等NO,工业废气的低温脱硝.     

应用铁铜双金属有机骨架活化过硫酸盐催化剂去除水中有机污染物的研究

基于MIL-101(Fe)的合成方法,首次采用合成前金属掺杂法制备了双金属有机骨架MIL-101(Fe,Cu)催化剂,并利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线能谱仪(EDS)对催化剂进行表征.同时,以罗丹明B(Rh B)为目标降解物,研究此催化剂催化过硫酸盐降解Rh B的性能,并初步尝试将催化剂应用于邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)的催化降解.XRD、FTIR、SEM和EDS等分析结果表明,铜离子的掺杂导致MIL-101(Fe)的结构与形貌发生了改变,提高了对污染物的吸附和催化降解作用.相比MIL-101(Fe),在90 min时MIL-101(Fe,Cu)对Rh B的去除率达到95%,在180 min时对DBP的去除率达到68%.此外,分析了催化剂催化性能提高的原因:配位竞争导致铁离子的不饱和趋向;形貌的变化加强了对污染物的吸附作用.     

镉铅复合胁迫下根表铁锰氧化胶膜厚度对美洲商陆富集镉的影响

为了探讨根表铁锰氧化胶膜厚度及共存离子铅(Pb)对美洲商陆富集镉(Cd)影响,采用水培的方法,诱导培育了胶膜厚度具有极显著差异的美洲商陆(低膜美洲商陆、中膜美洲商陆和高膜美洲商陆),分别进行低Cd低Pb、低Cd高Pb、高Cd低Pb、高Cd高Pb等4种不同金属组合的胁迫处理,观察美洲商陆生长状况、测定植株对Cd的富集量、抗胁迫生理活性物质的表达量.结果表明:中膜和高膜美洲商陆侧根发达,新生根较多,高Cd胁迫对根系发育有较强的抑制作用.高Cd条件下,植株对Cd的富集量为高膜美洲商陆中膜美洲商陆低膜美洲商陆,高膜美洲商陆Cd总富集量可达89765.69 mg·kg-1(以干重计).低Cd条件下,植株对Cd的富集量为低膜美洲商陆高膜美洲商陆中膜美洲商陆.高Pb处理,可提高低膜和高膜美洲商陆Cd富集量,但显著降低中膜美洲商陆Cd富集量.根系分泌的可溶性还原糖含量、叶及根部合成的可溶性蛋白含量与根表铁锰氧化胶膜的厚度成正相关.中膜和高膜美洲商陆叶片及根部可溶性蛋白含量还受到不同金属组合胁迫的影响.镉铅复合胁迫使美洲商陆叶片及根部可溶性蛋白含量极显著高于对照组.     

Simultaneous Fe(III) reduction and ammonia oxidation process in Anammox sludge

In recent years, there have been a number of reports on the phenomenon in which ferric iron (Fe(III)) is reduced to ferrous iron [Fe(II)] in anaerobic environments, accompanied by simultaneous oxidation of ammonia to NO₂^-, NO₃^-, or N₂. However, studies on the relevant reaction characteristics and mechanisms are rare. Recently, in research on the effect of Fe(III) on the activity of Anammox sludge, excess ammonia oxidization has also been found. Hence, in the present study, Fe(III) was used to serve as the electron acceptor instead of NO₂^-, and the feasibility and characteristics of Anammox coupled to Fe(III) reduction (termed Feammox) were investigated. After 160days of cultivation, the conversion rate of ammonia in the reactor was above 80%, accompanied by the production of a large amount of NO₃^- and a small amount of NO₂^-. The total nitrogen removal rate was up to 71.8%. Furthermore, quantities of Fe(II) were detected in the sludge fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and denaturated gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analyses further revealed that in the sludge, some Anammox bacteria were retained, and some microbes were enriched during the acclimatization process. We thus deduced that in Anammox sludge, Fe(III) reduction takes place together with ammonia oxidation to NO₂^- and NO₃^- along with the Anammox process.     

三种次生矿物固定A. ferrooxidans的Fe2+氧化及成矿性能比较

氧化亚铁硫杆菌（A.ferrooxidans）介导的生物矿化方法促使可溶性Fe向次生铁矿物转变对酸性矿山废水（AMD）治理具有重要意义.化能自养菌A.ferrooxidans易受水流冲击而流失,常采用固定化方式来提高菌密度,从而保证较高的Fe²⁺氧化和成矿速率以满足实际需要.本研究在相同初始条件下（pH=2.30、Fe²⁺浓度4.48g/L、A.ferrooxidans密度8×10⁶cells/mL）生物合成固定有A.ferrooxidans的施氏矿物、黄钾铁矾和黄铵铁矾,比较矿物溶解前（固定态）和溶解后（游离态）A.ferrooxidans的Fe²⁺氧化性能,并分析各矿物对A.ferrooxidans的固定能力.结果表明,生物成因次生铁矿物干重排序为施氏矿物（0.24g） < 黄铵铁矾（0.35g） < 黄钾铁矾（0.67g）,但矿物固定A.ferrooxidans的能力却依次为施氏矿物 > 黄铵铁矾 > 黄钾铁矾.以游离态A.ferrooxidans的Fe²⁺氧化速率作为参比,推算出本研究所得施氏矿物、黄铵铁矾、黄钾铁矾固定A.ferrooxidans的有效生物量依次为5.33×10⁷~ 5.33×10⁸,5.72×10⁶~5.72×10⁷,6.35×10⁶cells/g（干基）.次生铁矿物载体有效生物量不仅直接影响AMD体系中Fe²⁺氧化速度,也间接决定了总Fe的矿化去除效果.     

Fe3+、PO43-在煤气化废水处理中的应用

针对煤气化废水的特点,通过投加Fe3 、PO43-的方法来强化多阶段水解-好氧工艺处理煤气化废水的能力,不加Fe3 、PO43-时,CODcr总去除率为78 88%,出水CODcr仍高达931mg/l,当投加Fe3 、PO43-后,出水CODcr降到245mg/l,去除率达到93 93%。     

羟基铁柱撑膨润土处理含磷废水的研究

以羟基铁为柱化剂对天然膨润土进行柱撑改性制备了羟基铁柱撑膨润土,研究了其对废水中磷的吸附性能和影响因素。结果表明:羟基铁能够进入到膨润土的层间,使其层间距增大,表面积增加;羟基铁柱撑膨润土对废水中的磷有很好的去除效果,在常温下,当改性膨润土投加量为4 mg/L,溶液pH值为5,反应时间为60 min,处理质量浓度为20 mg/L的含磷废水时,磷的去除率达到93.9%。平衡吸附量与平衡质量浓度之间的关系更好地符合Langmuir等温吸附方程所描述的规律。     

Evidence for coupled iron and nitrate reduction in the surface waters of Jiaozhou Bay

Iron and nitrate (NO₃^?) are dominant physiologically required nutrients for phytoplankton growth, and iron may also play a key role in the marine nitrogen cycle. In this study, we investigated the temporal and spatial distributions of dissolved iron (DFe) and Fe(II) in the surface waters of Jiaozhou Bay (JZB) from April 2 to July 26, 2017. High concentrations of DFe and Fe(II) predominantly occurred in nearshore and estuarine stations and concentrations were generally higher in April and May. The highest DFe concentration was observed along the coast of Hongdao (51.55 nmol/L) in May, while the lowest concentration was observed in the western coastal region (2.88 nmol/L) in April. The highest and lowest Fe(II) concentrations were observed in the Licun estuary (22.42 nmol/L) and outer bay (0.50 nmol/L) in May, respectively. We calculated the proportions of nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) as well as the ratio of Fe(II) to DFe in all four months. The mean Fe(II)/DFe ratio was 0.48 in April, 0.43 in May, 0.69 in June, and 0.32 in July. The mean ratio of NO₃^? to DIN was 0.78 in April, 0.54 in May, 0.20 in June, and 0.62 in July. NO₃^?/DIN continuously decreased in the first three months, while Fe(II)/DFe remained high, which suggests that the reduction of iron and nitrate occurred simultaneously in the surface waters of JZB.     

酸性条件下Fe3+氧化SO2的脱硫反应机理

讨论酸性条件下Ｆｅ＾３＋液相氧化ＳＯ２的几何可能反应机理,设计了不同的缓冲和非缓冲Ｆｅ＾３＋溶液脱硫试验。通过对不同反应体系ＳＯ２吸收特性的测量,得出了反应符合半导体或过渡态金属的催化机理,液相氧化反应的速率受Ｆｅ＾３＋的老化进程所控制,从而为低浓度Ｆｅ＾３＋溶液烟气脱硫和解释雾水酸化现象提供了理论基础。     

Fe(0)-活性炭强化短程反硝化脱氮及影响因素

为减少生物短程反硝化对外碳源的依赖,研究了无机环境下Fe(0)-活性炭强化短程反硝化的脱氮效果,并探究了不同铁碳比及初始pH值对系统脱氮效果及N+2O释放的影响.结果表明Fe(0)-活性炭可强化生物短程反硝化,将亚硝氮去除率由7.4%提高到31.1%.当m(铁)∶m(碳)由2∶1降至1∶1和1∶2时,反硝化速率与亚硝氮去除率均呈现先升后降的趋势,m(铁)∶m(碳)为1∶1时达到最大,分别为5.58 mg·(g·h)~(-1)与41.1%,且此时N+2O的释放量较小,为0.10 mg.当pH值由6.0升至9.0的过程中,反硝化速率由7.39 mg·(g·h)~(-1)下降至5.96 mg·(g·h)~(-1),N+2O的释放量由0.19 mg下降至0.12 mg.以上结果表明,在m(铁)∶m(碳)为1∶1和pH为弱酸性的条件下,Fe(0)-活性炭能强化短程反硝化获得较好的脱氮效果,但低pH值会增加N+2O的释放量.