Fe~(3+)/TiO_2负载膨胀珍珠岩降解水和土壤中苯酚的研究

以膨胀珍珠岩(EP)作为载体,采用溶胶凝胶法对其进行Ti O_2、Fe3+-Ti O_2溶胶负载,制备出Ti O_2、Fe3+-Ti O_2表面修饰的膨胀珍珠岩材料(TEP、FTEP),通过SEM、TEM、XRD和FI-IR对其进行表征,实验室条件下模拟研究了EP、TEP、FTEP对水和土壤中苯酚的吸附降解效果。结果表明,450℃光催化材料为锐钛矿型,Fe3+掺杂有效提高了光催化性。本实验条件中,当达到最佳投加量时,水和土壤中的EP、FTEP、TEP对苯酚的降解率分别为23.40%、100%、100%和17.81%、66.75%、69.01%;在最适光照时间下,水和土壤中的EP、FTEP、TEP对苯酚的降解率依次为22.14%、100%、100%和17.64%、66.15%、67.51%。在实验浓度范围内,该光催化反应符合一级反应动力学方程。     

高铁酸盐(Fe(Ⅵ))氧化去除水中PPCPs的研究进展

药物和个人护理用品(PPCPs)采用传统的污水处理方法不易去除,高铁酸盐(Fe(VI))因具有强氧化性,且氧化产物Fe(III)具有絮凝作用,近年来被广泛应用于去除PPCPs。介绍了Fe(VI)近年来的制备进展,分析了Fe(VI)去除PPCPs的效率及影响因素,探讨了Fe(VI)与PPCPs的反应机理及产物、中间产物的毒性变化,并展望了未来Fe(VI)去除PPCPs的研究方向。Fe(VI)能有效去除多种PPCPs,去除效率受p H值、温度、Fe(VI)初始浓度和PPCPs性质影响,Fe(VI)与PPCPs反应的中间产物毒性值得关注。     

Effects of wastewater discharge on formation of Fe plaque on root surface and radial oxygen loss of mangrove roots

Effects of wastewater discharge on radial oxygen loss (ROL), formation of iron (Fe) plaque on root surface, and their correlations in Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Poir and Excoecaria agallocha L. were investigated. ROL along a lateral root increased more rapidly in control than that in strong wastewater (with pollutant concentrations ten times of that in municipal sewage, 10NW) treatment, but less Fe plaque was formed in control for both plants. For B. gymnorrhiza receiving 10NW, Fe plaque formation was more at basal and mature zones than at root tip, while opposite trend was shown in E. agallocha. At day 0, the correlation between ROL and Fe plaque was insignificant, but negative and positive correlations were found in 10NW and control, respectively, at day 105, suggesting that more ROL was induced leading to more Fe plaque. However, excess Fe plaque also served as a ‘barrier’ to prevent excessive ROL in 10NW plants.     

Phenol transformation induced by UVA photolysis of the complex FeCl<Superscript>2+</Superscript>

Here we show that the photolysis of FeCl²⁺ upon UV irradiation of Fe(III) at pH 0.5, yielding Cl^• and then Cl₂^−•, upon further reaction with Cl⁻, induces phenol degradation. The photolysis of FeCl²⁺ can be highlighted and studied as the huge interference by FeOH²⁺ can be avoided under such conditions. Our data allowed the assessment of a photolysis quantum yield for FeCl²⁺ of 5.8 × 10⁻⁴ under UVA irradiation, much lower compared to the literature value of 0.5. The discrepancy can be explained if the photolysis process is efficient but photoformed Fe²⁺ and Cl^• undergo recombination inside the solvent cage.     

Enhanced 4-chlorophenol biodegradation by integrating Fe2O3 nanoparticles into an anaerobic reactor: Long-term performance and underlying mechanism

• 4-chlorophenol biodegradation could be enhanced in Fe₂O₃ coupled anaerobic system. • Metabolic activity and electron transport could be improved by Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles. • Functional microbial communities could be enriched in coupled anaerobic system. • Possible synergistic mechanism involved in enhanced dechlorination was proposed. Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles have been reported to enhance the dechlorination performance of anaerobic systems, but the underlying mechanism has not been clarified. This study evaluated the technical feasibility, system stability, microbial biodiversity and the underlying mechanism involved in a Fe₂O₃ nanoparticle-coupled anaerobic system treating 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) wastewater. The results demonstrated that the 4-CP and total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiencies in the Fe₂O₃-coupled up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) were always higher than 97% and 90% during long-term operation, verifying the long-term stability of the Fe₂O₃-coupled UASB. The 4-CP and TOC removal efficiencies in the coupled UASB increased by 42.9±0.4% and 27.5±0.7% compared to the control UASB system. Adding Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles promoted the enrichment of species involved in dechlorination, fermentation, electron transfer and acetoclastic methanogenesis, and significantly enhanced the extracellular electron transfer ability, electron transport activity and conductivity of anaerobic sludge, leading to enhanced 4-CP biodegradation performance. A possible synergistic mechanism involved in enhanced anaerobic 4-CP biodegradation by Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles was proposed.     

烧结法提取沸腾炉渣中的铝和铁

近年来,热电厂和钢厂产生了大量的沸腾炉渣.这些炉渣不仅占用了大量的土地,还污染了土壤、地下水和大气.由于该沸腾炉渣中氧化铝的含量很高,因此,评估其氧化铝提取的可利用性是必要的.本文对内蒙古包头钢铁厂的沸腾炉渣进行了粒径分布试验和化学成分分析试验.X-荧光分析显示,该炉渣中SiO2含量为42.60%,Al2O3含量为32.60%,Fe2O3含量为2.43%,CaO含量为2.16%,K2O含量为0.74%,MgO含量为0.44%,Na2O含量为0.16%,TiO2含量为0.88%,还有一些其他痕量元素.将沸腾炉渣和石灰及精煤混合制成小球,然后在约1 000 ℃下烧结.取不同烧结时间的样品,用硫酸浸取,得到含铝离子和铁离子的溶液.试验结果表明,使用浓度为4 mol·L-1的硫酸,在80 ℃下浸取烧结球样品(质量比为50%沸腾炉渣:40%精煤:10%石灰),24 h可以得到铝和铁的最大提取率,分别为86.50%和94.60%.滤渣可以作为固化材料用于高速公路的路基建设或水泥生产中的添加剂.     

基于吡啶甲基萘酰亚胺的水中痕量铁检测方法研究

合成了一种新型的荧光分子探针N-(2-吡啶甲基)-1,8-萘酰亚胺(PMN),研究了其在环境水样中痕量铁离子的检测应用.结果表明,该方法选择性好,灵敏度高,操作简便,且常见金属离子不干扰测定.Fe3+浓度在1×10-7~8×10-5mol/L范围内,荧光强度与其浓度呈良好的线性关系.方法用于自来水、井水、生活污水中痕量铁的测定,回收率在95.78%~104.02 %之间.     

紫云英还田配施石灰对水稻镉吸收转运的影响

采用田间小区试验,研究了紫云英(CMV)与石灰(L)单施及两者配施(CMVL)对土壤Cd有效性、水稻根表胶膜及Cd吸收转运的影响.结果表明:L与CMVL处理土壤pH值分别显著提高2.11～2.43和1.68～2.48个单位、二乙烯三胺五乙酸提取态(DTPA-Cd)含量分别显著降低18.88％～40.53％和20.74％...     

4,4’-二溴联苯在水溶液中光降解的动力学研究

多溴联苯作为溴代阻燃剂被广泛应用,从而广泛存在于环境。但少有对于多氯联苯环境行为的研究。文章以4,4’-二溴联苯为研究对象,模拟自然环境,探讨了光源强度、初始浓度、pH值和溶解氧等因素对4,4’-二溴联苯降解的影响,以及在模拟太阳光的照射下,研究了Fe3+和腐殖酸对4,4’-二溴联苯在水溶液中光降解速率的影响。结果表明,在高压汞灯照射下,4,4’-二溴联苯的光降解过程符合准一级动力学规律。提高光源强度可加速4,4’-二溴联苯的降解;初始浓度的增加使4,4’-二溴联苯降解速率减慢;反应液在高pH值和低pH值时,均促进4,4’-二溴联苯的光降解进程;体系中溶解氧增多也同样促进4,4’-二溴联苯的降解;小剂量的添加腐殖酸和Fe3+可以促进4,4’-二溴联苯的降解,但超过一定浓度则抑制其光降解。     

Fe~(2+)对菌株Y_7降解石油烃的影响

以陕北石油污染土壤中筛选出来的菌株Y7作为研究对象,用石油烃培养基进行驯化培养。通过石油烃降解率、OD(吸光度)值和pH值等指标来评价降解效果。研究结果表明菌株Y7可以对石油烃进行有效降解,并且在培养基中加入适量的Fe2+,对菌株的生长和石油烃的降解有一定促进作用,其中最佳Fe2+浓度为24 mg/L;菌株Y7在最佳Fe2+浓度的环境下,前3天降解石油烃效果最好,降解率可达40%。