脉冲式盐水及Fe(III)施加对河口感潮淡水湿地土壤产甲烷菌和硫酸盐还原菌群落结构和数量的影响

以闽江河口塔礁洲感潮淡水河岸野慈姑（Sagittaria trifolia Linn.）沼泽湿地为研究对象,通过连续一年每月脉冲式施加人造海水和Fe（OH）₃溶液,研究了脉冲式盐水入侵和Fe（III）浓度增强对河口感潮沼泽湿地土壤产甲烷菌和硫酸盐还原菌群落结构的影响.结果显示,单独Fe（III）施加显著提高了土壤Fe（III）含量,单独盐水施加提高了土壤电导率及间隙水SO₄^2-、Cl^-和NH₄⁺浓度,在Fe（III）和盐水交互作用下间隙水NO₃^-浓度显著降低.土壤产甲烷菌主要包括甲烷微菌目（Methanomicrobiales）、八叠球菌目（Methanosarcinales）、甲烷杆菌目（Methanobacteriales）和Methanomassiliicoccales,硫酸盐还原菌主要有脱硫弧菌目（Desulfovibrionales）、脱硫杆菌目（Desulfobacterales）、互营杆菌目（Syntrophobacterales）和梭菌目（Clostridiales）.无论是脉冲式盐水入侵、Fe（III）浓度增强或是两者交互作用对于土壤产甲烷菌和硫酸盐还原菌多样性及群落结构的影响均不显著.与目水平相比,硫酸盐还原菌在属水平上对于各添加处理的响应更为明显,其中盐水+Fe（III）处理下Desulfatibacillum和Desulfovirga的相对丰度明显增加.RDA分析表明,土壤电导率对产甲烷菌群落结构的影响最为显著,Fe（III）是影响硫酸盐还原菌的重要环境因子,且Desulfatibacillum、Desulfobulbus、Desulfovirga等菌属对环境因子的响应较为敏感.研究表明,脉冲式盐水入侵及三价铁浓度增加对于我国东南沿海河口感潮淡水沼泽湿地土壤产甲烷菌和硫酸盐还原菌无显著影响.     

镍/铁二元金属对莠去津脱氯特性的影响

为了考察Ni/Fe二元金属对莠去津的催化还原特性,分别以Fe粉和Ni/Fe体系作为还原和催化剂,在酸性条件下对莠去津的脱氯特性进行比较,并讨论了pH值,Ni/Fe配比以及金属添加量等因素对莠去津脱氯效率的影响.结果表明:与Fe粉比较,Ni/Fe体系对莠去津具有很明显的催化脱氯特性.在pH=2时,1.22%(W/W)Ni/Fe体系30min对莠去津的脱氯效率大于90%,相同条件下用Fe粉还原时,90min脱氯效率仅为22.21%通过Fe粉和Ni/Fe表面形态的比较以及实验结果的分析,对Ni/Fe体系的催化还原脱氯机理进行了初步探讨.     

Enhanced removal of Cr(VI) by biochar with Fe as electron shuttles

Biochar is extensively used as an effective soil amendment for environmental remediation. In addition to its strong contaminant sorption capability, biochar also plays an important role in chemical transformation of contaminant due to its inherent redox-active moieties. However, the transformation efficiency of inorganic contaminants is generally very limited when the direct adsorption of contaminants on biochar is inefficient. The present study demonstrates the role of Fe ion as an electron shuttle to enhance Cr(VI) reduction by biochars. Batch experiments were conducted to examine the effects of Fe(III) levels, pyrolysis temperature of biochar, initial solution pH, and biochar dosage on the efficiency of Cr(VI) removal. Results showed a significant enhancement in Cr(VI) reduction with an increase in Fe(III) concentration and a decrease of initial pH. Biochar produced at higher pyrolysis temperatures (e.g., 700°C) favored Cr(VI) removal, especially in the presence of Fe(III), while a higher biochar dosage proved unfavorable likely due to the agglomeration or precipitation of biochar. Speciation analysis of Fe and Cr elements on the surface of biochar and in the solution further confirmed the role of Fe ion as an electron shuttle between biochar and Cr(VI). The present findings provide a potential strategy for the advanced treatment of Cr(VI) at low concentrations as well as an insight into the environmental fate of Cr(VI) and other micro-pollutants in soil or aqueous compartments containing Fe and natural or engineered carbonaceous materials.     

飞灰浆液脱硫特性的初步研究

对飞灰中铁等离子的浸出特性进行了正交试验,ＰＨ对其浸出量大小有显著影响,在试验ＰＨ下降Ｆｅ＾３＋的浓度可达到３０ｍｇ／Ｌ。Ｆｅ＾３＋溶液和飞灰浸出液的脱硫试验表明,Ｆｅ＾３＋的脱硫反应符合过渡态催化氧机理,对ＳＯ２吸附量的最佳增强作用出现在ＰＨ＝２－３。     

微生物异化Fe（Ⅲ）还原在环境污染治理中的应用及其发展前景

微生物异化Fe（Ⅲ）还原是指以Fe（Ⅲ）为末端电子受体在无氧条件下氧化有机物的产能过程,而铁元素是地壳中丰度最高的元素之一,因此,异化Fe（Ⅲ）还原在生物地球化学循环中起着重要的作用。文章围绕异化Fe（Ⅲ）还原机制,综述了国内外有关异化Fe（Ⅲ）还原在有机污染物（尤其是难降解有机污染物）、营养物质（N,P）等环境污染治理中的研究现状及其发展趋势,并对其进行了评述和展望,以期为特定污染物在环境污染治理中的实际应用提供参考依据。     

镉、铁及其复合污染对烟草生理的影响

Cd作为一种主要的环境污染物,它对生物的毒性已有较多的报道.Fe作为一种植物生长所需的微量矿质营养元素,其毒性研究尚少见。目前研究发现用Fe~(2+)含量超过1.5ppm的池水喷灌烟草,会产生毒害.水稻的“青铜色病”,“Alkagave病”、“Aki-ock病”、甘蔗的“斑叶病”都和Fe毒害有关.     

Fabrication of bimetallic Ag/Fe immobilized on modified biochar for removal of carbon tetrachloride

As an effective conventional absorbent, biochar exhibited limited adsorption ability toward small hydrophobic molecules. To enhance the adsorption capacity, a novel adsorbent was prepared by immobilizing nanoscale zero-valent iron onto modified biochar (MB) and then the elemental silver was attached to the surface of iron (Ag/Fe/MB). It''s noted that spherical Ag/Fe nanoparticles with diameter of 51 nm were highly dispersed on the surface of MB. As the typical hydrophobic contaminant, carbon tetrachloride was selected for examining the removal efficiency of the adsorbent. The removal efficiencies of carbon tetrachloride by original biochar (OB), Ag/Fe, Ag/Fe/OB and Ag/Fe/MB were fully investigated. It''s found that Ag/Fe/MB showed higher carbon tetrachloride removal efficiency, which is about 5.5 times higher than that of the OB sample due to utilizing the merits of high adsorption and reduction. Thermodynamic parameters revealed that the removal of carbon tetrachloride by Ag/Fe/MB was a spontaneous and exothermic process, which was affected by solution pH, initial carbon tetrachloride concentration and temperature. The novel Ag/Fe/MB composites provided a promising material for carbon tetrachloride removal from effluent.     

纳米Fe/Co合金类Fenton降解盐酸四环素及影响因素

为研究纳米Fe/Co合金对含TCs（盐酸四环素）废水的类Fenton催化性能,以及催化降解体系pH、H₂O₂投加量和活性成分浸出等因素对催化性能的影响.采用液相还原法制备纳米Fe/Co合金,并通过对比试验探究其类Fenton催化性能,Fe、Co的浸出量及其表面积结构变化与活性之间的关系.添加纳米Fe/Co合金的条件下,采用单因素分析方法研究体系pH、H₂O₂投加量和初始TCs浓度分别对TCs去除率的影响.结果表明:①在纳米Fe/Co合金制备过程中,添加PVP（聚乙烯吡咯烷酮）不仅能有效防止纳米Fe/Co合金发生团聚,且促进纳米Fe/Co合金比表面积增大（BET为113.8 m2/g）.②纳米Fe/Co合金具有拓宽催化体系pH使用范围的优势;在pH为3.0~9.0范围内,纳米Fe/Co合金对30 mg/L TCs的去除率（87.2%~91.7%）远大于FeCl₂（0~30.7%）和纳米Fe的去除率（0~28.2%）;H₂O₂投加量超过150 mmol/L后,TCs的去除率达到最佳（86.2%）.③纳米Fe/Co合金催化体系中（pH为3.0~11.0）,活性成分Fe、Co浸出量分别为0.20~0.35和0.20~1.00 mg/L,均满足我国GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》,长期使用也不会造成浸出成分（Fe、Co）在环境中大量累积,对生态环境等可能造成的潜在风险大大降低.④纳米Fe/Co合金具有再利用性,催化利用4次后,对TCs的去除效果仍达50.0%以上.研究显示,纳米Fe/Co合金对去除TCs具有较高催化性能和再利用性,利于拓宽催化体系pH使用范围,具有稳定活性成分Fe、Co浓度的优势.      

黄棕壤铁铝氧化物与土壤稳定性有机碳和氮的关系

用6%NaOCl氧化不同粒级的黄棕壤,得到稳定性有机碳和氮的样品.用选择性溶提技术提取铁铝氧化物的含量,与稳定性有机碳和氮的关系表明:在2～250μm粒级上,游离铁、无定形铁和络合态铁含量的变化范围分别为6～60.8g/kg、0.13～4.8g·kg-1和0.03～0.47g·kg-1,在2μm粒级上分别为43.1～170g·kg-1、5.9～14.0g·kg-1和0.28～0.78g·kg-1.在2μm粒级上,无定形铝和络合态铝含量变化范围分别为0.08～1.34g/kg和0.11～0.47g/kg,在2μm粒级上分别为2.96～6.20g·kg-1和0.38～0.78g·kg-1.水稻土黄棕壤的选择性溶提铁的含量一般高于旱地黄棕壤,而选择性溶提铝的含量低于旱地黄棕壤.在2～250μm粒级上,土壤稳定性有机碳和有机氮含量变幅分别为0.93～6.0g·kg-1和0.05～0.36g·kg-1,在2μm粒级上分别为6.05～19.3g·kg-1和0.61～2.1g·kg-1,水稻土的稳定性有机碳和氮的含量高于旱地黄棕壤.在2～250μm粒级上,稳定性有机碳与有机氮比值(C稳/N稳)的变幅为9.50～22.0,在2μm粒级上分别为7.43～11.54.在2～250μm粒级上,土壤有机碳(氮)的稳定性指数SIC和SIN的变化分别为14.3～50.0和11.9～55.6,在2μm粒级上分别为53.72～88.80和40.64～70.0;旱地黄棕壤的SIC和SIN一般低于水稻土的,水稻土黄棕壤有利于有机碳和氮的保存.各种形态的铁铝氧化物含量与稳定性有机碳(氮)含量呈极显著正相关,且氧化物铁铝含量和稳定性有机碳(氮)含量在黏粒部分最高,即细粒级能保护土壤有机碳(氮).     

添加有机物料对淹水土壤Cd活性的影响机制

采用红壤(pH 4.46)和潮黄土(pH 7.10),在N2覆盖下淹水(25±0.5)℃培养60d,研究了淹水土壤加入有机物料(苜蓿、稻草粉)后Cd活性变化及其制约机理.结果表明,土壤淹水后,氧化铁的还原溶解作用带来Fe组分再分配和pe+pH下降,导致Cd组分向低活性组分转化.淹水土壤添加有机物料后,通过pe+pH下降效应和pH升降效应增强了对Cd活性转化的影响,其中,红壤有机物料处理较对照pe+pH降低和pH值升高,致使固相Exc-Cd含量和液相Cd浓度低于对照,土壤Cd活性降低;潮黄土有机物料处理pe+pH和pH值均低于对照,致使固相Exc-Cd含量和液相Cd浓度高于对照,土壤Cd活性增加.添加有机物料对固相Org-Cd再分配的影响小,但在液相中DOM与Cd的络合效应显著.