聚合氯化铝与有机高分子复合絮凝剂形态分布研究

以聚合氯化铝PAC和自制有机高分子絮凝剂为原料制备了复合絮凝剂 (PACO)。采用Al Ferron逐时络合比色法研究了聚合氯化铝与有机高分子复合絮凝剂溶液中铝盐的形态分布及转化。考察了O A、碱化度B和熟化等因素对铝盐形态分布的影响。结果表明 ,当碱化度B为 2 .0 ,有机高分子与铝盐质量比 0 A从 0增加至 4时 ,Ala 含量从 2 0 .45 %缓慢降至 1 8.52 % ,Alb 含量从 49.54%升至55 .0 1 % ;当O A =1 ,B从 0 .5升至 2 .0时 ,Ala 含量从 65 .2 6 %降至 1 8.95 % ,Alb 含量从 2 6.76 %升至 53 .1 3 % ;此外 ,当熟化时间由 2 4h增加至 72h时 ,PAC中Ala 含量下降了 5 .93 % ,而相应PACO中Ala 含量仅下降 2 .62 % ,表明PACO溶液相对于PAC溶液具有较强的稳定性。     

复配絮凝剂在餐饮废水中的应用研究

将聚丙烯酰胺 (PAM)和聚铁 (PFS)进行复配 ,分别以COD值和透光脉动值 (R)为技术指标 ,探讨了在处理餐饮废水过程中各种变化条件对絮凝效果的影响。结果表明 :PAM与PFS有一最佳复配比例 ,COD去除率达 90 %以上 ;在此絮凝剂条件下 ,投加方式、搅拌速度和浓度等对R值都有显著影响。     

湖泊富营养化评价中的灰色局势决策法

为能够处理富营养化评价标准的不确定性问题,采用灰色局势决策法驿九寨沟各湖泊进行了富营养化评价.评价指标选择叶绿素α、TP、TN、CODmn等四个指标.各湖泊指标值为两年监测数据的平均值.在构造水体和评价等级二元组合局势的基础上,通过效果测度决策矩阵和综合决策矩阵的求算,由筛选出的最佳局势确定出湖泊的富营养化水平,再经由综合指数计算,得出各湖泊富营养化评价的定量表示,即长海1.34,箭竹海1.42,熊猫海1.41,五花海1.47,镜海和犀牛海1.39,芦苇海1.43.     

新型生物流化复合反应器的设计及气含率测定

鉴于对传统内外筒结构三相内循环流化床存在的一些不足 ,提出了一种新型的基于循环流化床原理的生物流化复合反应器。新型反应器采用蜂窝状断面结构 ,机械分离与气浮原理相结合的三相分离器。为了减少反应器运行中的能耗 ,筛选出了一种新型轻质橡胶载体。并且针对这种新型反应器进行了气含率的测定 ,得出在实验范围内总平均气含率随进气量呈直线上升 ,还分别得出了上升区气含率和下降区气含率的变化情况     

复合植物床式人工湿地研究

本实验研究针对应用于面源污染控制的人工湿地中水生植物的选择和布置问题进行研究,通过对人工湿地动态运行实验的研究考察,发现床体中COD、TN降解规律,通过人工湿地栽种不同水生植物的各床体的COD去除效果比较实验和不同水生植物复氧性能比较实验,得出复氧性能最好的水生植物为芦苇,然后综合这三个实验,在传统的植物床系统基础上,提出更加有利于提高系统污水处理效率的改进形式:复合植物床式人工湿地。     

Remediation of Cu and As contaminated water and soil utilizing biochar supported layered double hydroxide: Mechanisms and soil environment altering

Preparing materials for simultaneous remediation of anionic and cationic heavy metals contamination has always been the focus of research. Herein a biochar supported FeMnMg layered double hydroxide (LDH) composites (LB) for simultaneous remediation of copper and arsenic contamination in water and soil has been assembled by a facile co-precipitation approach. Both adsorption isotherm and kinetics studies of heavy metals removal by LB were applied to look into the adsorption performance of adsorbents in water. Moreover, the adsorption mechanisms of Cu and As by LB were investigated, showing that Cu in aqueous solution was removed by the isomorphic substitution, precipitation and electrostatic adsorption while As was removed by complexation. In addition, the availability of Cu and As in the soil incubation experiments was reduced by 35.54%–63.00% and 8.39%–29.04%, respectively by using LB. Meanwhile, the addition of LB increased the activities of urease and sucrase by 93.78%–374.35% and 84.35%–520.04%, respectively, of which 1% of the dosage was the best. A phenomenon was found that the richness and structure of microbial community became vigorous within 1% dosage of LB, which indirectly enhanced the passivation and stabilization of heavy metals. These results indicated that the soil environment was significantly improved by LB. This research demonstrates that LB would be an imaginably forceful material for the remediation of anionic and cationic heavy metals in contaminated water and soil.     

On-line optical determination of floc size of Fe( Ⅲ ) coagulants

This study investigated the floc aggregation, average floc size, floc size variance and floc growth velocity when ferric chloride (FeCl3) and polyferric chloride (PFC) were used to treat the simulated water samples. The factors including coagulant dose, ionic strength and solution pH, which affect the floc aggregation, were studied. Experiments were carried out in a bench-scale reactor using photometric dispersion analyzer (PDA). Results showed that there were great differences between the floc aggregation of PFC and FeCl3.The average floc size and floc growth velocity of PFC were much larger than those of FeCl3. Compared with FeCl3, PFC gave a better coagulation performance in wider range of pH, dosage and ionic strength. It was also found that the coagulation efficiency of PFC did not depend on average floc size but on floc growth velocity.     

SiC颗粒尺寸对喷射共沉积7075 Al/SiCp挤压及轧制的组织和性能的影响

研究了喷射共沉积方法制备的7075 Al / SiCp复合材料挤压及轧制过程中SiC颗粒的分布.通过拉伸实验、微观组织的金相及拉伸断口SEM观察分析了SiCp颗粒尺寸对材料组织和性能的影响.实验表明,SiCp在挤压过程中沿厚度方向形成分层分布,SiCp的尺寸及粒度分布对于聚集有较大的影响;轧制过程对挤压时形成的SiCp分层分布有一定的减弱作用,但改善程度和SiCp的尺寸有关;SiCp颗粒尺寸对复合材料的力学性能及断裂机制有很大的影响.     

一种新材料在城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场中的应用

针对我国目前垃圾填埋场存在的问题 ,提出推广应用一种新型的复合土工合成材料 (GCL)。简要介绍了GCL的结构及水力特性 ,图解说明了GCL在垃圾填埋场中的各种应用 ,并与CCL、GM相比较 ,说明了GCL在垃圾填埋场中的应用优势     

A nanocomposite of CoFe2O4-carbon microspheres for electrochemical energy storage applications

A carbon/CoFe₂O₄ composite was synthesized by precipitation method. The morphology of the composite was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The electrocapacitive behaviors of the composite has been studies by cycle voltammogram and galvanic charge/discharge. The size of the nanoparticles carbon composite of CoFe₂O₄ was uniform and 209 nm. Due to a high percent of carbon, electrochemical measurements showed electrical double layer mechanism. Specifically, the carbon/cobalt ferrite electrode exhibited high specific capacitance of 102.5 F g^?1 at a current density of 0.16 A g^?1, and high rate capability with 30% retention of capacitance even up to 20 A g^?1, and excellent cycling stability with 81.5% retention of the initial capacitance after 6000 charge/discharge cycles, supporting that the carbon cobalt ferrite composite electrode could be a potential candidate for supercapacitor application.