徐州市桃园河人工湿地污水处理厂工艺初步设计

根据桃园河子单元水质监测资料、处理要求及现有地形条件,选用人工湿地作为该地区污水处理工艺,设计规模4万m3/d.通过借鉴国内外人工湿地技术研究成果、示范工程实际经验及相关设计手册,确定人工湿地面积为11.24 hm2,预计出水水质为COD:60mg/l、BOD5:20mg/l、SS:15mg/l、NH3:10mg/L、TP:1.0mg/l.在达到同样水质要求的情况下,利用该工艺处理生活污水,其费用约为常规二级处理费用的1/5.     

生物好氧流化床废水处理技术研究进展

介绍生物好氧流化床废水处理技术的早期发展，阐述影响其处理效果的几种重要因素并说明其应用领域，指出了存在的问题和未来的研究方向。     

Lead removal from water using organic acrylic amine fiber (AAF) and inorganic-organic P-AAF, fixed bed filtration and surface-induced precipitation

Granular porous sorbents were normally used for heavy metals removal from water. To search for the new commercial sorbent and treatment strategy, an organic acrylic amine fiber (AAF) and phosphorus loading inorganic-organic AAF (P-AAF) were prepared and used for lead (Pb) removal from water. A new strategy of inorganic-organic coupling technology was proposed for Pb removal, based on the hypothesis of surface-induced precipitation mechanism. The AAF showed a Pb adsorption capacity of 417 mg/g from the Langmuir fitting, while the column filtration technology was further applied to measure the adsorption edge and applications. Effects of different initial Pb concentrations, hydraulic retention time, and co-existing P were considered in the filtration experiments. The presence of 0.8 mg/L P in water significantly improved the Pb breakthrough point from 15,000 to 41,000 bed volumes of water spiked with 85 µg/L Pb, while the P-AAF fixed bed showed better removal of Pb than AAF SEM/EDX and XRD spectra were employed for determining the surface functional groups and the formation of surface-induced precipitation of pyromorphite (Pb₅(PO₄)₃OH) on AAF. This study verified the application of AAF sorbent for Pb removal and the enhanced effect of coating P on AAF, thus improved our fundamental understanding and application of the surface chemistry process of Pb with P.     

固定化细胞流化床处理含酚废水的研究

以改性聚丙烯酰胺为载体对苯酚降解菌进行固定化,采用流化床反应器对模拟含酚废水进行降解实验。考察在不同曝气量、pH和苯酚浓度下,固定化细胞降解苯酚性能的变化。结果表明,在有效容积为6L的反应器内固定化细胞凝胶的投加量为1.4g/L、pH6～8、曝气量为70L/h时,24h内可使浓度为700mg/L的苯酚完全降解。当采用有效容积为5.5L的流化床反应器对模拟含酚废水进行连续降解实验时,在进水苯酚浓度为400mg/L,曝气量为60L/h,进水流量0.6L/h,HRT为9.5h时,出水苯酚浓度可降低到20mg/L以下。连续使用30d后固定化细胞凝胶的机械强度和弹性仍较好。说明固定化细胞有更好的苯酚耐受性、较高的降酚速率和更广泛的pH,且可重复使用。     

黄河中下游沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附特征

研究了黄河中下游12个沉积物的临界磷平衡浓度(EPCo),以此判断沉积物是磷"源"还是磷"汇".用修改后的Langmuir 等温吸附模型对吸附实验数据进行了拟合.结果得到最大吸附容量(PAC).Langrnuir吸附平衡常数(k).利用所得拟合参数通过公式计算方法得到EPC0、原有交换态磷(NAP)以及固·液分配系数Kp值并考察了环境因子(pH、离子强度)对吸附作用的影响·沉积物的EPCo均大于上覆水体中的磷浓度,沉积物有向上覆水体释放磷的能力.吸附容量与总有机碳(TOC)含量有较好的正相关关系.pH<6.0,沉积物释放磷并且随着pH增大吸附量增加很快;69.7.吸附量略有增高.随着Ca2 离子强度的增加,沉积物对磷的吸附量减小.     

Biosorption characteristics of unicellular green alga Chlorella sorokiniana immobilized in loofa sponge for removal of Cr（Ⅲ）

Loofa sponge （LS） immobilized biomass of Chlorella sorokiniana （LSIBCS）, isolated from industrial wastewater, was investigated as a new biosorbent for the removal of Cr（Ⅲ） from aqueous solution. A comparison of the biosorption of Cr（Ⅲ） by LSIBCS and free biomass of C. sorokiniana （FBCS） from 10-300 mg Cr（Ⅲ）/L aqueous solutions showed an increase in uptake of 17.79% when the microalgal biomass was immobilized onto loofa sponge. Maximum biosorption capacity for LSIBCS and FBCS was found to be 69.26 and 58.80 mg Cr（Ⅲ）/g biosorbent, respectively, whereas the amount of Cr（Ⅲ） ions adsorbed onto naked LS was 4.97 mg/g. The kinetics of Cr（Ⅲ） biosorption was extremely rapid and equilibrium was established in about 15 and 20 min by LSIBCS and FBCS, respectively. The biosorption equilibrium was well defined by Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The biosorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The biosorption was found to be pH dependent and the maximum sorption occurred at the solution pH 4.0. Desorption studies showed that 98% of the adsorbed Cr（Ⅲ） could be desorbed with 0.1 mol/L HNO3, while other desorbing agents were less effective in the order： EDTA 〉 H2SO4 〉 CH3COOH 〉 HCl. The regenerated LSIBCS retained 92.68% of the initial Cr（Ⅲ） binding capacity up to five cycles of reuse in continuous flow-fixed bed columns. The study revealed that LSIBCS could be used as an effective biosorbent for the removal of Cr（Ⅲ） from wastewater.     

Copper biosorption on immobilized seaweed biomass： Column breakthrough characteristics

The biosorption of copper by the brown seaweed Sargassum baccularia,immobilized onto polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)gel beads, was investigated with fixed-bed experiments.Laboratory-scale column tests were performed to determine breakthrough curves with varying flow rates and feed concentrations.A theoretical fixed-bed model,known as the Bohart-Adams equation,was evaluated in simulating the experimental breakthrough curves.The Bohart-Adams model qualitatively predicted the breakthrough trends.PVA- immobilized seaweed biomass beads were amenable to efficient regeneration with aqueous solution containing the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA).The biosorbent retained most of its original uptake capacity over three cycles of use.The excellent reusability of the biosorbent could lead to the development of a viable metal remediation technology.     

新村港海草床生态系统健康评价

通过分析2004—2009年海南岛新村港海草床生态系统的水环境、沉积环境、生物残毒、栖息地、生物等5类18项评价指标的调查数据,并根据《近岸海洋生态健康评价指南》(HYT 087—2005)的评价标准,对新村港海草床生态系统的健康状况进行评价。结果显示,新村港水质、沉积环境、生物残毒和栖息地等4个评价指标的健康状况为健康,健康指数分别为11.4、9.0、7.1、13.0,水环境健康指数临近亚健康临界值;生物评价指标的健康状况为亚健康,健康指数为30.0;综合以上5类指标评价,新村港海草床生态系统的健康状况为亚健康,健康指数为70.5。海水养殖、污水排放、海洋工程、渔业活动等是导致海草床退化、底栖生物减少、水环境质量下降的主要原因。     

循环流化床燃煤电厂铅的迁移特性

选取2家燃煤电厂3台循环流化床机组进行现场监测,在不同负荷条件下,采集并分析燃煤、烟气、飞灰、炉渣等样品的Pb含量,通过物料平衡核算,对循环流化床机组各环节Pb的迁移特性进行研究。结果表明:机组负荷变化对烟气、飞灰、炉渣的Pb含量影响不大,烟气Pb排放质量浓度均在2μg/m~3以下。电袋复合除尘处理后,烟气中颗粒态Pb的浓度总体低于气(溶胶)态Pb的浓度。Pb在炉渣和飞灰中均有富集,平均富集因子分别为2.16和3.02。飞灰较炉渣对Pb具有更强的富集能力,布袋灰中Pb含量略高于电除尘灰。循环流化床锅炉燃烧后Pb分布在飞灰、炉渣和外排烟气中的比例分别为62.49%、37.49%和0.02%,Pb释放率低于煤粉炉,在Pb污染控制方面更具优势。除尘过程对烟气中Pb的影响主要表现为飞灰对Pb的吸附和除尘器对飞灰的分离脱除,尤以后者为主。由于烟气中气(溶胶)态Pb所占的比例很低,Pb基本吸附在飞灰上,除尘效率的高低直接决定了Pb的去除效果。     

中试MBBR反应器启动CANON工艺及其短程硝化

采用150 L的移动床生物膜(MBBR)反应器,控制温度为28℃,以无机高氨氮(平均浓度350 mg·L^-1)废水为原水,启动全程自养脱氮(CANON)工艺,同时,取其中絮状污泥至5L的SBR反应器中,维持进水NH⁺₄-N浓度为90～200 mg·L^-1,共同进行短程硝化恢复研究.结果表明,MBBR反应器中,HRT平均为12 h时,短程硝化与TN去除率互相制约,TN去除率平均为38.2%,δNO^-₃-N/TN值平均为0.274,当HRT降至6h后,δNO^-₃-N/TN值由0.347下降至0.146; SBR反应器通过间歇曝气,分别维持曝气与停曝时间为30 min与20 min,好氧过程中DO浓度为0.5～0.6 mg·L^-1,且每周期末FNA浓度高于0.18 mg·L^-1时, 12 d后系统内NAR由0增长至99.2%,NUR从24.8 mg·(g·h)^-1<...