Easurements of placental,decidual, and fetal proteins before and after chorionic villus sampling

Circulating placental [human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), Schwangerschafts protein 1 (SP1), pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), decidual (pregnancy protein) 12 (PP12), and fetal alphafetoprotein (AFP)] proteins were measured immediately before and within 1 h in 18 women undergoing diagnostic chorionic villus sampling (CVS) in the first trimester. An elevation of serum AFP levels was consistently seen, while fluctuations in excess of 10 per cent of the pre-CVS levels of SP1 and PP12 were seen in the majority of patients. Fluctuations in hCG and PAPP-A were consistently less than 10 per cent of pre-CVS values. Post-CVS changes in levels were not apparently associated with any feature of the technique, the pregnancy, or its outcome (one missed abortion). As feto-maternal haemorrhage is a common event, anti-D should be offered to rhesus-negative women undergoing CVS. In the prediction of subsequent miscarriage, only hCG and PAPP-A measurements should be considered.     

新型稳定塘污水处理技术AIPS

由于资金和能源紧张,高效低耗的污水处理技术受到人们的重视。AIPS新型稳定塘是由美国Oswald教授研究开发,并有30a成功经验的污水处理技术。该技术具有低投资,低运行费用、易管理、比普通稳定塘占地少的优点。      

秦皇岛市大气颗粒物来源解析研究

对秦皇岛海港区和山海关区的颗粒物来源进行了定性识别和定量解析。并考察了重点污染源——我国最大的煤码头秦皇岛港煤码头对市区扬尘和TSP中的碳的影响。得出秦皇岛市海港区和山海关区TSP主要来源为风沙、扬尘,其次为燃煤飞灰和海盐尘。气象条件特别是风向对TSP各源分担率的影响很大,秦皇岛市煤码头是该区域TSP中碳的主要来源。不同气象条件下,煤码头对海港区和山海关区的影响程度明显不一样。      

废气排放量灰色建模新法初探

在研究和指出灰色建模常规方法理论缺陷的基础上,结合某化工厂废气排放预测实践,初步探讨和提出了将原始动态数据序列经过线性或指数变换,采用黄金分割法选取背景值的直接建模方法。初步研究表明,该方法较灰色建模常规方法在改善序列随机性、提高预测精度等方面,具有较明显的优越性和合理性,拓宽了GM(1,1)模型在环境科学领域中的应用范围。      

Prenatal exclusion of Hurler's disease by leucocyte α-L-iduronidase assay

Hurler's disease was excluded in a fetus at 23 weeks' gestation by demonstrating normal iduronidase activity in fetal leucocytes following failure of amniotic cell culture after amnic-centesis at 16 and 19 weeks' gestation. The diagnosis was confirmed in the neonate.     

Prenatal diagnosis of mosaic 4p – in a fetus with trisomy 21

Mosaicism for the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, del(4)(p16), is extremely rare and has not been reported in association with a numerical chromosome abnormality. We report the prenatal diagnosis of mosaic del(4)(p16) and non-mosaic trisomy 21 in a 16-week female fetus. The pregnancy ended in spontaneous abortion at 34 weeks secondary to fetal demise. The fetus had features of both 4p – and trisomy 21.     

Detecting neural tube defects by amniocentesis between 11 and 15 weeks' gestation

Forty-two open neural tube defects (NTDs) were identified in our series of 7440 amniocenteses tested between 11 and 15 weeks of gestation. Using a cut-off of ≥2.0 MOM, the detection rate for open NTDs was 95 per cent; 100 per cent each for anencephaly and spina bifida; and 78 per cent for encephalocele. Two encephaloceles had AFP levels less than 2.0 MOM and negative AChEs. Thirty-four (81 per cent) of these NTDs were tested between 13 and 15 weeks and 8 (19 per cent) before 13 weeks. There were 0.6 per cent false positives by AFP (excluding serious abnormalities and fetal death) and 0.1 per cent after AChE. The likelihood of an open NTD after an elevated AFP (≥2.0 MOM) was 24 and 77 per cent for any serious abnormality. These results, when combined with an earlier study, indicate that amniotic fluid AFP appears to be as sensitive a test for open NTDs between 13 and 15 weeks as between 16 and 20 weeks. Additional experience is necessary to determine this before 13 weeks.     

嘉兴南湖不同湖区浮游动植物群落结构特征与环境因子关系

为了解不同区域生态修复后环境因子对浮游动植物群落分布的影响,于2021年1月（竣工后）对南湖A、 B、 C、 D和S区的环境因子及浮游动植物开展调查.结果表明,生态修复区较未修复区水体总氮（TN）、溶解性总氮（DTN）、氨氮（NH⁺₄-N）、硝氮（NO^-₃-N）、总磷（TP）和溶解性总磷（DTP）浓度显著降低,溶解氧（DO）显著增高（P<0.05）.研究区浮游植物种类以绿藻和硅藻为主,浮游动物种类以原生动物和轮虫为主.修复区浮游植物生物量较未修复区低,浮游植物与浮游动物物种数升高.聚类与主坐标分析显示修复区浮游动植物群落差异显著（P<0.05）,其中A区和B区游动植物结构较为相似.冗余分析（RDA）结果显示,DO、 NO^-₃-N、 pH和水温（WT）是影响浮游植物群落分布的主要环境因子;DO、 NO^-₃-N、 NH⁺₄-N和TP是驱动浮游动物群落分布的主要环...     

不同面源强度影响下城市河流溶解性有机质光谱特征变化

采用紫外-可见吸收光谱（UV-vis）和三维荧光光谱结合平行因子法（EEMs-PARAFAC）研究两条面源输入强度不同的城市河流春夏两季水体中溶解性有机质（DOM）含量和组成变化.结果表明,两条河流夏季水体DOM腐殖化程度和相对分子质量均显著高于春季（P<0.01）. PARAFAC模型共解析出C1（UVC类富里酸）、 C2（类色氨酸）、 C3（类胡敏酸）和C4（UVA类富里酸）这4个化学组分,C1[（31±6）%]和C2[（31±4）%]为水体DOM中主要荧光组分.高面源输入水平的河流春季各组分荧光强度均低于夏季,而低面源输入水平的河流与之相反.随机森林回归模型表明,C3%对河流水质变化敏感度最高（R²=0.75,P<0.001）,具有很好的指示作用;水面覆盖率（Cover）对C4%有显著预测重要性（P<0.001）, C4%易受光化学氧化作用影响.主成分分析（PCA）和Adonis检验表明,氮和磷为水体自生源过程的重要推动力,面源输入强度和季节变化对城市河流水体状况有显著影响（R²=0.775,P<0.001）.城...     

氢燃料电池汽车动力系统生命周期评价及关键参数对比

发展氢燃料电池汽车被认为是解决能源安全和环境污染问题的理想解决方案之一,为量化探究氢燃料电池汽车动力系统的化石能源消耗和排放情况,运用GaBi软件建模,以新能源汽车相关技术路线为参考,构建我国氢燃料电池汽车动力系统的数据清单并对其全生命周期化石能源消耗和全球变暖潜值情况进行定量评价计算和预测分析,对不同类型的双极板、不同能量控制策略和不同制氢方式对环境的影响分别进行了对比研究,并对关键数据进行了不确定分析.结果表明,预计到2030年我国每台氢燃料电池汽车动力系统生命周期的化石能源消耗量（ADP_f）、全球变暖潜值（GWP,以CO₂ eq计）和酸化潜值（AP,以SO₂ eq计）分别为1.35×10⁵ MJ、9108 kg和15.79 kg.动力系统生产制造阶段的化石能源消耗和全球变暖潜值均高于使用阶段,主要原因是燃料电池堆栈和储氢罐的制造过程.金属双极板、石墨复合双极板和石墨双极板的制造工艺中石墨复合双极板的综合环境效益最好.能量控制策略的优化会使得氢能消耗降低,当氢能消耗降低22.8%时,动力系统的生命周期化石能源消耗和全球变暖潜值分别降低10.4%和8.3%.相比于甲烷蒸气重整制氢,基于混合电网电解水制氢的动力系统生命周期全球变暖潜值高出53.7%[KG-*6],而基于水电电解水制氢降低39.6%.降低动力系统生命周期化石能源消耗和全球变暖潜值的措施包括优化能量控制策略降低氢能消耗、规模化发展可再生能源发电电解水制氢产业和聚焦突破燃料电池堆栈关键技术实现性能提升.